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List of publications on a keyword: «этнография»

  • Shabalina Liubov' Petrovna - osnovopolozhnik etnograficheskoi shkoly v Ul'ianovskoi oblasti

    Proceeding
    University humanities education in Russia: on the 70th anniversary of the birth of Professor A.V. Arsentieva
    Authors:
    Azat K. Idiatullov, Iurii G. Lisenkov
    Work direction:
    Роль личности в развитии университетского гуманитарного образования
    Abstract:
    Любовь Петровна Шабалина – один из крупнейших специалистов по этнографии народов Среднего Поволжья. На основании своих личных наблюдений, изучения публикаций, интервью с коллегами автор статьи предпринял попытку реконструкции жизненного и профессионального пути одного из активнейших и плодотворно работающих отечественных этнографов, внесших значительный вклад во многие разделы исторической науки. По мнению автора, Любовь Петровна придала новый импульс развитию этнографии в регионе, успешно интегрируя в данное научное направление другие области знаний (географию, социологию, демографию, экономику и религиоведение). Использование междисциплинарного подхода, методологии смежных наук помогли по-новому взглянуть на содержание межэтнических коммуникаций и процессы этнокультурного взаимодействия, в том числе на такие их результаты, как религиозный синкретизм.
    Keywords:
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  • The image of gypsies in the Chuvash linguistic culture

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 5 No 1
    Authors:
    Eduard V. Fomin, Lilia V. Illarionova
    Work direction:
    World languages and literature
    Abstract:
    The work is devoted to the analysis of the image of gypsies in the Chuvash linguistic culture. In the message, linguoculture is understood as a phenomenon that summarizes all manifestations of culture reflected through language. The study is based on the Chuvash linguistic material, folklore and literary texts, as well as other information related to the gypsies. The study is based on a scientific analysis of the Chuvash speech products marked by the mention of gypsies and is generally retrospective in nature. Nevertheless, the conclusions are still relevant in today’s realities. Gypsies in Chuvashia are a newly-minted ethnic group, to a small extent introduced into its social reality and closed from the outside world. They are not included in the circle of peoples who are in close contact with the Chuvashs, however, they are often mentioned in folklore texts from the positions of ethnocentrism, most of which determine their negative perception. At the same time, the image of gypsies is reflected in Chuvash fiction, and here they are mainly described as positive characters, objectively requiring empathy, if only because they are part of the central characters. Chuvash ideas about gypsies largely correlate with their perception by Russians.
    Keywords:
    ethnography, folklore, Chuvash, gypsies, gypsy studies
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  • The Image of a Bear in the Chuvash Culture

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 4
    Author:
    Eduard V. Fomin
    Work direction:
    World languages and literature
    Abstract:
    The work is devoted to the study of the image of the bear in the Chuvash linguistic culture and aims to study its properties in the perception of the Chuvash people in a broad ethnographic aspect, including linguistic (etymological, onomastic), as well as folklore approaches. The material of the study was the texts of oral folk art and ethnographic developments containing information about bears. The author also refers to thematic developments in the field of Finno-Ugric studies, since the Finno-Ugric peoples are representatives of the forest culture, which invariably implies a significant participation of bears in their lives. The study is based on traditional methods: scientific understanding of oral folk art and analysis of ethnographic literature. The bear is a popular character in Chuvash folklore. At the same time, it does not have an unambiguous assessment in the Chuvash culture: the bear is an ingenuous creature, as a result of which it loses to a cunning person. At the same time, the Chuvash recognize the bear as a symbol of strength. Analogues in the perception of the bear are more likely to be traced in Russian linguistic culture than in the cultures of the Volga-Kama peoples, many of whom, primarily the Finno-Ugric peoples, recognize the bear as a totem animal. A number of Chuvash texts about bears are nomadic plots.
    Keywords:
    ethnography, folklore, Chuvash language, bear
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  • Ethnographic Notes of N. V. Nikolsky on the Chuvash People of the Village of Apanasovo-Temyashi

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 2
    Author:
    Olga N. Egorova
    Work direction:
    Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology
    Abstract:
    The work is devoted to the analysis of ethnographic records of the doctor of historical sciences, professor N. V. Nikolsky about the Chuvashs of the village of Apanasovo-Temyashi, Yalchik district of the Chuvash Republic, stored in the scientific archive of the Chuvash State Institute of the Humanities. The materials of the scientist are valuable historical sources that describe the general picture of the everyday life of the Chuvash village at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. The collection of ethnographic material was carried out by the researcher through participant observation as part of his expedition. A special layer in the fund of N. V. Nikolsky is represented by Chuvash folk songs, which reveal links with modern vocal culture. The work is based on the analysis of archival documents in their relationship with historical events in general and the biography of N. V. Nikolsky in particular. The study aims to introduce newly discovered documents into scientific circulation, as well as song material, which is important from the point of view of folklore. The ethnographic materials of N.V. Nikolsky are important not only for the descendants of the inhabitants of Apanasovo-Temyashi: his work in the study of the history, ethnography, folklore and language of the Chuvash is of national importance.
    Keywords:
    Chuvash ethnography, Chuvash village at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, Chuvash songs
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  • Traditional Rites of the Khanty and Mansi Peoples in the Professional Training of Future Teachers of Visual Arts

    Review Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 2
    Author:
    Irina N. Polynskaya
    Work direction:
    Ethno-Cultural Problems of Education
    Abstract:
    The article is devoted to the problems of professional training of future teachers of fine arts. The purpose of the work is to consider the role and significance of the study by students of the Faculty of Arts and Design of traditional religious rites and holidays of the peoples of the Far North, the Khanty and Mansi. The material for the study was the traditional rites of the peoples of the Khanty and Mansi. Based on the method of theoretical analysis, the pedagogical potential of the traditional rites of the Khanty and Mansi peoples was revealed and the pedagogical conditions for the process of professional training of students – future teachers of fine arts were substantiated. The article describes in detail the traditions associated with hunting, fishing; the most common folk holidays associated with the bear, elk, crow day; national rites – wedding, funeral, rite of birth of a child. Comprehension and understanding of the world are reflected in oral folk art, legends, legends, myths, folklore. The future teacher of fine arts needs to know the traditional way of life of the indigenous people of Ugra, so that in his pedagogical work he can convey artistic and creative experience to schoolchildren. In conclusion, a description of the main pedagogical conditions for preparing students – future teachers of fine arts for professional activities, taking into account national traditions and the ethno-cultural specifics of the region, is given.
    Keywords:
    students, ethnography, folklore, professional training, traditions, customs, fine art, ethno-cultural competencies, Khanty and Mansi peoples, religious rites, way of life, beliefs
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  • Nikolai Arkad'evich Petrov - zaveduiushchii kafedroi arkheologii, etnografii i regional'noi istorii (k 60-letiiu so dnia rozhdeniia)

    Proceeding
    Topical Issues of Archaeology, Ethnography and History
    Authors:
    Olga G. Viazova, Inga V. Dmitrieva
    Work direction:
    Тема выпуска
    Abstract:
    В статье рассмотрена работа Н.А. Петрова в должности заведующего кафедрой археологии, этнографии и региональной истории Чувашского государственного университета имени И.Н. Ульянова, представлены основные направления его научных исследований, а также организационно-методическая деятельность в родном университете и республике.
    Keywords:
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  • Izmeneniia traditsionnoi detskoi odezhdy chuvashei vo vtoroi polovine KhIKh - pervykh desiatiletiiakh XXI v.

    Proceeding
    Topical Issues of Archaeology, Ethnography and History
    Authors:
    Inga V. Dmitrieva, Nikolai A. Petrov
    Work direction:
    Археология и этнография Волго-Уралья
    Abstract:
    Традиционная одежда является важнейшей составляющей жизни человека и общества. В этнографии детства одежда являлась обязательным атрибутом в обрядности. Традиционная детская одежда в настоящее время не используется в повседневной жизни, однако она широко представлена в ряде культурно-массовых мероприятий, проводимых в регионе. В работе предпринята попытка проследить основные изменения в традиционной детской одежде чувашей.
    Keywords:
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  • Training students of the College of Culture for a stage performance of the Chuvash folk dance

    Review Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 4 No 1
    Author:
    Liudmila N. Nyanina
    Work direction:
    Ethno-Cultural Problems of Education
    Abstract:
    Folk dance is an important tool in preparing students of the College of Culture for teaching as leaders of an amateur creative team. The content of their training includes the choreographic creativity of different peoples. The purpose of the article is to determine the necessary and sufficient minimum knowledge about the specific features of the Chuvash national choreography so that students can use this knowledge to implement choreographic productions, improve performing techniques and embody the manner of performing the Chuvash folk dance. The material of the research was the author's long-term observations of the Chuvash folk choreography, passed through personal experience of staging dances for the professional stage. The work is based on the description method and in general is of a review nature. Folk dance is the most expressive layer of the Chuvash culture. It contains a significant potential necessary to maintain the vital properties of the Chuvash ethnos. In particular, it has unique ethnic features and only in some cases allows borrowing from other peoples. In general, the Chuvash dance in movements repeats the aesthetics of national embroidery. Important properties in the Chuvash dance are endowed with hands: women's movements are extremely smooth and slow, men's are sharp and fast. The position of the hands, combined with the movement of the legs and the body as a whole, create a unique ethnic flavor. Chuvash dances have dialectal differences according to ethnographic groups, while they are based on a single complex, historically dating back to rituals and ceremonies.
    Keywords:
    ethnography, Chuvash, folk dance, hand position in the dance
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  • Pentecost Church-Ale in the Aksubaevsky District of The Republic of Tatarstan

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 1
    Authors:
    Elena G. Gushchina, Danila V. Egorov, Arslan K. Mingaliev
    Work direction:
    Ethnography, Anthropology and Folkloristics
    Abstract:
    In the article the authors on the basis of materials, consider the issues of preserving cultural traditions of the Russian population of the Middle Volga region, namely the revival of the Pentecost church-ale in 20–21 centuries on the example of the Russian national center of Aksubaevsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The experience accumulated over the thirty-year history of the revival of the holiday has not yet become an object of study of scientists, which determines the relevance of our work. The aim is to consider the features of the local version of the celebration of the Pentecost and the specifics of the revival of folk tradition in the modern world. The authors used general historical methods and special methods of ethnology: included observation and in-depth interview. Pentecost in its original meaning is a church festival. But it also incorporated folk traditions, customs and rituals. In Soviet times the celebration completely lost its former significance, the church service on the Whit Monday (Pentecost) was also not performed. Thanks to the initiative of local residents, the celebration of the Pentecost was resumed, which was a vivid example of the positive ethno-cultural experience of the revival of local ritual practices of the Russians of the Middle Volga region.
    Keywords:
    ethnography, tradition, ethnic festivals, Pentecost, national holidays, Pentecost church-ale, revival of traditions
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  • The Sacred Landscape of the Northern Selcups: The Losyl-Lakka Sanctuary on Lozyl-to Lake

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture No 4 (5)
    Author:
    Olga B. Stepanova
    Work direction:
    Ethnic and Ethno-Cultural Processes in Modern Society
    Abstract:
    The article is devoted to the most famous ancient sanctuary of the northern Selkups – Shaman Mountain Lozyl-lakka on Lozyl-to Lake. The purpose of the study is to combine the information available about it in the scientific literature and in the author's field archive and to find out what this object of the sacred landscape is. The research methods were description, semantic analysis and fieldwork. The result of the study was the conclusion that Lozyl-lakka is a family sanctuary, where sacrifices were made to the spirits-masters of the ancestral fishing grounds, on which the success of members of the clan in the trade "depended". The memory of the sanctuary has survived to this day due to its location in a remarkable natural place. It was also found that the sacred mountain serves as an indicator of the state of the modern ethnic identity of the Selkups. It is characterized by the preservation of faith in spirits and strict adherence to a number of traditions that this belief dictates, therefore, the process of transformation of traditional culture into new modern forms among the Selkups, which is ongoing among the northern peoples today, is hampered by the vitality of some elements of this very traditional culture. A separate comprehensive study of the Lozyl-Lakka sanctuary, including the standpoint of the attitude of modern Selkups, constitutes the scientific novelty of the study. The publication of summary data on the sanctuary preserves it as part of the cultural heritage for future generations of Selkups and replenishes the data bank of ethnographic science.
    Keywords:
    ethnography, traditional culture, ethnic identity, Northern Selkups, sanctuaries
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  • Traditional Selkup Belt: Origin, Manufacture, Symbolism, Application

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture No 2 (3)
    Author:
    Olga B. Stepanova
    Work direction:
    Problems of Ethnic Cultures Preservation
    Abstract:
    The article is devoted to the theme “Thing in culture”, and more specifically, “Thing in Selkup culture”. The aim of the study is to consider the belt, an attribute of the traditional outer clothing of the Selkups. It is outlined that the preservation of this element of culture can be highly estimated: during field work among the Selkups, author had an opportunity to see various belts, male and female ones, stored in families and presented in museums. It is emphasized that the Selkup belts are very beautiful, bright, decorated with seed bead and cast brass pendants. The article contains information about the origin of each type of belt, as well as their description is presented in the article. Methods: author's field research in the Krasnoselkupsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug made in 2012, 2015, 2016 and 2018, interview of informants, a number of author's publications on Selkup culture; comparative and typological method and description method. The classification of the belt is based on such characteristics as the technic of execution, origin, application and symbolism. The author outlines that information about the symbolism of the belt was especially difficult to collect, since all informants noted in the belt only the functionality, beauty and antiquity of the tradition of wearing it. Without pretending to be a full disclosure of the topic, the author presents a summary of data obtained and collected. Results of the study. Putting on traditional belts only on big (winter) holidays along with national clothes, Selkups practically do not make new belts nowadays. It is pointed out that belts stored in museum collections are generally not attributed. Study devoted to belts returns to the Selkups the element of their traditional culture in the form of a scientific description. It is assumed that the study will contribute to the formation of a new ethnicity of the Selkups, the collection and rethinking of cultural heritage by the Selkups.
    Keywords:
    ethnography, traditional culture, Northern Selkups, clothing, belt, male and female belts, types of belts, belt symbols, Selkup worldview
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  • Innovative Potential of Photobook Format in Ethnocultural Communication

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture No 2 (3)
    Author:
    Elena S. Doroschuk
    Work direction:
    Problems of Crosslinguistic and Intercultural Communication
    Abstract:
    The features of such a widely used format as a photo book in the context of visual ethnography were reviewed in the article. It is noted that the photobook is studied as a tool for creating visual ethnographic materials that allow to conduct a research on modern cultures and ethnic groups to form a cultural identity. Methods. As the subject of analysis, modern photobooks created by the photographer from Japan Ikuru Kuwajima were selected. Results. The potential of the photobook as an author's work is revealed and its communicative potential in ethnocultural interaction is described. An ethno-photo book is defined as a format of visual communication in which each photograph has an ethnical meaning, which contributes to the creation of author's photo narration, as a specific form of reflection of an ethnos, with a representation of ethnic images. The special functions of the ethno-photo book, which are realized upon activation of the author’s principle, are highlighted: the search for their own identity; pictorial (plot) narrative about an ethnic group; creating the integrity of ethno-narration; increment of information about the ethnic group; ethnos research by means of a photo image; details of the ethnic world view; preservation of ethnic pictures of the world; comprehending the culture of another. It has been determined that a modern photo book is distinguished by documentary content and multimedia features that give its content traits of pragmatism and streaming. An ethno-photo book is manifested as a meaningful substantial work in which the author narrates a pictorial story about an ethnos through photographs, creating a holistic artistic and semantic image of the ethnos. It is concluded that all this contributes to a special emphasis of the reader on certain elements of the ethnographic image and contributes to the creation of new information about the ethnos. It is mentioned that one of the varieties of photobooks is the author's photobook, as an in-depth study of oneself in the context of the ethnicity of the territories reflected in the photo-chronicles of the photographer.
    Keywords:
    photo book, visual ethnography, the author's photo book, photojournalism, pictorial narrative
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  • Poles in Latvian Republic as a Positive Example of Mutual Acquisition of Cultures

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture No 1 (1)
    Author:
    Olga V. Raina
    Work direction:
    Problems of Crosslinguistic and Intercultural Communication
    Abstract:
    The purpose of the article is to present a historical and cultural review of the fourth largest national minority living in the territory of modern Latvia, namely the Polish ethnic group. Based on the comparative historical method, the issues of preserving the identity of the Poles, as well as their role in the history, scientific life and cultural life of the country, are considered. As a result of this work, the facts of the interpenetration of Polish and Latvian cultures were revealed, which the author considers as a positive factor for the coexistence of different peoples in a multi-ethnic environment. It is concluded that the lack of hostility and hostility of the ethnic majority towards national minorities living in the territory of their state is extremely positive and has a significant contribution to the further formation and development of the nation.
    Keywords:
    history, ethnography, culture, Latvia, Latgale, Poland, Poles
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  • Iz istorii kafedry arkheologii, etnografii i regional'noi istorii Chuvashskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta

    Proceeding
    Topical Issues of Archaeology, Ethnography and History
    Author:
    Iu V. Gusarov
    Work direction:
    Исторические исследования
    Abstract:
    Рассмотрено становление и развитие кафедры археологии, этнографии и региональной истории ЧГУ и ее структурного подразделения – археолого-этнографического музея, особое внимание уделено научно-исследовательской деятельности сотрудников кафедры.
    Keywords:
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  • N.V. Nikol'skii i Kazan': obshchestvenno-nauchnaia deiatel'nost' kak obraz zhizni

    Proceeding
    Topical Issues of Archaeology, Ethnography and History
    Authors:
    Olga N. Korshunova, Shamil S. Khammatov
    Work direction:
    Исторические личности на службе Отечеству
    Abstract:
    В статье рассматриваются основные события жизни и общественно-научной деятельности Н.В. Никольского, его вклад в народное образование и в изучение народов Поволжья и Приуралья, прежде всего чувашского народа. Показана роль ученого в создании первой газеты на чувашском языке, в работе Общества археологии, истории и этнографии при Казанском университете.
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  • Professor of the Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy V.M. Florinsky – Scientist, Teacher and Statesman

    Research Article
    Development of education No 4 (6)
    Authors:
    Alexander A. Dvirskii, Anatoly E. Dvirsky, Igor I. Ivanov
    Work direction:
    Education system in Russia
    Abstract:
    The main periods of life, scientific and state activity of Vasilij Markovich Florinsky. The purpose of the article is to consider stages of V.M. Florinsky’s activity in the academy as a pupil, scientist and statesman and to show his role in the development of obstetrics and gynaecology, anthropology, ethnography, history of medicine and folk medicine, as well as his contribution to the formation of eugenics and medical genetics. During the study the following methods were applied: theoretical, analysis, biographical. V.M. Florinsky published more than 330 scientific works. He published about 30 scientific publications on various sections of obstetrics and gynaecology. The scientist proposed an original method to prevent ruptures of the perineum during childbirth, among the first in Russia he successfully used chloroform for anesthesia in childbirth, conducted various histological studies in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology. A significant part of V.M. Florinsky's publications is devoted to archaeological and ethnographic researches. Discussion: V.M. Florinsky's biography will arise interest in specialists of humanitarian and medical profiles, politicians and public figures. Conclusion: having considered the main periods of life, scientific and state activity of V.M. Florinsky, his significant contribution to the development of obstetrics and gynaecology, anthropology, ethnography, history of medicine and folk medicine and to the formation of eugenics and medical genetics can be noted. V.M. Florinsky as a reformer and administrator in the system of university education strengthened the domestic and international authority of Russian science.
    Keywords:
    medical genetics, ethnography, Vasilj Markovich Florinsky, biography, obstetrics and gynaecology, anthropology, history of medicine, eugenics, statesman
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  • Peoples of the Volga-Ural region in the history and culture of Russia

    Proceeding
    Peoples of the Volga-Ural region in the history and culture of Russia
    Author:
    Mikhail I. Fedulov
    Work direction:
    Все направления
    Abstract:
    The book presents the materials of the conference “Peoples of the Volga-Ural region in the history and culture of Russia”. The issues of history, ethnography of the peoples of the Volga-Ural region and the scientific and pedagogical activity of P.V. Denisov are represented. For ethnographers, historians, archaeologists, local historians, students of humanities, as well as a wide range of readers.
    Keywords:
    history, people, Volga-Ural region, history of Russia, culture of Russia, ethnography, Denisov
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  • Illiustrirovannaia entsiklopediia "Narody Tatarstana": razrabotka kontseptsii i metodologii

    Proceeding
    Problems of education, history and culture through the prism of the ethnic diversity of Russia (for the 170th anniversary of the Chuvash educator I.Ya. Yakovlev)
    Author:
    Liliia T. Mukhametshina
    Work direction:
    Межконфессиональные и межэтнические отношения: история и перспективы
    Abstract:
    В статье рассмотрены особенности структуры, схем статей и критерии отбора материала тематических энциклопедий о народах РФ с целью разработки концепции и методологических основ иллюстрированной энциклопедии «Народы Татарстана». Выявленные в ходе сравнительно-сопоставительного анализа энциклопедических изданий методологические принципы будут приняты за основу при разработке концепции первого комплексного исследования о народах РТ.
    Keywords:
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