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List of publications on a keyword: «knowledge»

  • Formation and development of psychological knowledge in the higher pedagogical school of Russia

    Research Article
    Development of education No 1 (3)
    Author:
    Tatiana I. Bezuglaia
    Work direction:
    Theoretical and applied research in education
    Abstract:
    The article deals with the development of psychological knowledge in higher pedagogical education in Russia at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries. An explanation of the change in psychological knowledge is given, in connection with the historical fact of the definition of psychology as an independent science and its separation from the boundaries of philosophy during this period of time. Teaching institutions of Russia of the end of the XIX century are described, the content of education in them is explained, as well as the essence of higher pedagogical education of that time. The article also describes the higher pedagogical education of the beginning of the 20th century, in particular, the post-revolutionary period. The forms, essence and content of this formation are shown, as well as the level of contradictions that have arisen in the formation of that time.
    Keywords:
    psychological knowledge, teaching institutions, university curricula, higher education reform, general and pedagogical psychology, experimental psychology, pedagogical process, polytechnic school, cultural and historical development
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  • Understanding the scientific nature of competence in higher education as problem to improve its quality

    Research Article
    Development of education No 1 (3)
    Author:
    Aleksandr A. Kiselev
    Work direction:
    Russian education system
    Abstract:
    The article shows the problems of improving the quality of Russian education related to the understanding of the essence of competencies. In spite of the constant «updates» of the Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Education (FES of HE), there is no obvious qualitative change in the solution of this problem. And first of all, it refers to what is not clear: what and how students should be taught, although the standards define that students should have the necessary competencies to perform a professional activity. However, despite numerous discussions, a clear understanding of the scientific essence of the concept of «competence», as a rule, is not given anywhere. And this today, in our opinion, is the main problem and obstacle in the qualitative improvement of the educational process in domestic universities.
    Keywords:
    competence, knowledge, skills, professional activity, labor operations, readiness, preparedness
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  • Some problems of realization of the scientific capacity of the higher school in the context of the relationship of education and science

    Research Article
    Development of education No 1 (3)
    Author:
    Vladimir I. Zalunin
    Work direction:
    Russian education system
    Abstract:
    The article discusses the driving forces and stages of relationship science, education and industry, revealed features of civilization knowledge and education, problems of realization of the scientific capacity of the higher school and optimization factors of scientific and educational activities in higher education under the conditions of modern Russia.
    Keywords:
    higher education, education, science, knowledge, the institutionalization of education and science, forms of relationship science, education and practice, scientific and technological progress, scientific and technical revolution, civilization of knowledge and education, scientific potential of higher education
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  • K voprosu o vostrebovannosti shkol'nykh znanii po biologii v sovremennom obshchestve

    Book Chapter
    Education and science: current trends No 3
    Author:
    Sergei V. Drachuk
    Work direction:
    Парадигмы современного образования
    Abstract:
    The contents of school biology are discussed in the article. The parts of school biology, mostly actual for the school graduates entering in the adult life are distinguished. That, according to the author`s opinion, are the questions of preservation of health, rejection from harmful habits, the protection of environment, the problems of regional ecology and also the methods of the development of the information literacy of pupils during studying school course of biology.
    Keywords:
    information literacy of school children, the relevance of school biological knowledge, the preservation of health, the problems regional ecology
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  • THE TRIUNE NATURE OF NATURAL INTELLIGENCE

    Book Chapter
    Education and science: current trends No 2
    Authors:
    Anna A. Nikishina, Iurii A. Novikov, Aleksandr P. Novikov
    Work direction:
    Парадигмы современной науки
    Abstract:
    The monograph for the first time formulated and described the spiral technology of research and modeling of natural intelligence with three-step turns. Currently, only the first two steps of the first round of spiral technology are widely known. The need for this technology is dictated by the inability to know the natural intelligence, dissecting it or scanning by any radiation. The technology allows us to switch to high-performance systematic work instead of discussions about the nature of artificial and natural intelligence, as well as instead of the dreamy expectation of mysterious heuristics to address issues raised in the creation of artificial intelligence. The basis of the theory in the creation of a new technology is the result of the search for a constructive character in the interpretation of the concept of natural intelligence, that is, the interpretation of the triune nature of natural intelligence. The primary purpose of research on the subject of the monograph, the authors adopted the formulation and description of the theoretical basis of solving the problems of knowledge representation in computer systems. The creation of a theoretical basis becomes possible only with the realization of the triune nature of natural intelligence. The theoretical basis corresponds to the natural science positions in the study and modeling of the epistemological model (objectively isolated part, the unity with the other two parts of the natural intelligence component). The theoretical basis is in demand for obtaining knowledge models in computer systems, allocation on a set of these models of classes, and thus, for the formation of technical requirements in the work on the creation of new shells of knowledge-based systems that implement knowledge models of new classes. In the works focused on achievement of the declared purpose, and in the monograph it is convincingly shown that the whole layer of already executed large-scale works on formation of classes of models of knowledge in computer systems was not based on natural science positions, and for this reason results of already performed works are not demanded at creation of new systems based on knowledge. A significant part of the monograph contains a description of the historical aspect of the works on the stated topic. The consideration of the historical aspect allowed us to see the subjective reasons why the simple to understand and use spiral technology with three-step turns (the theoretical basis for solving the problems of knowledge representation in computer systems) for so long from the moment of formation and recognition of the scientific direction «artificial intelligence» remained undetected and not described for use in research and modeling of natural intelligence in the creation of artificial intelligence. The description of the historical aspect shows the forced reorientation of works on the topic from purely practical (not provided with a theoretical basis) to purely theoretical (not accompanied by works on the modernization of a software product and its implementation in real production). It is also noted that the return to the rails of highly profitable practical work is possible and appropriate. And, accordingly, recommendations for reorientation of works on the topic on the rails of practical and highly profitable are given.
    Keywords:
    knowledge representation in computer systems, classes of knowledge models, artificial intelligence, modeling of natural intelligence, creation of shells of knowledge-based systems
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  • Proektnoe obuchenie kak sposob motivirovat' na professiiu (iz opyta podgotovki zhurnalistov)

    Book Chapter
    Education and science: current trends No 2
    Authors:
    Iuliia E. Chereshneva, Liudmila A. Kokhanova, Sergei B. Golovko
    Work direction:
    Парадигмы современного образования
    Abstract:
    Theoretical foundations and principles of project training for students in the specialty «Journalism», as a way to motivate a journalist for the profession is studied by the authors. The concept of project training for journalists is based on the idea that training should be motivating, especially when it comes to specialized discipline. The result of such training should be considered the skills and abilities generated by students to use the new things that they received in the course of their studies. The authors summarizing their own experience and the practice of colleagues, determine the main characteristics of this method and the principles, following which allows to obtain the desired results. The definition of «project training» is given as an organization of the educational process, when the study of a course or the entire cycle of courses in a specialty is aimed at the final result obtained in the process of setting the task and its implementation. Mechanisms to achieve this goal are training, workshops, role-playing games such as focus groups. The principles of activity, research (creative) position, objectivity (awareness) of behavior and partner (subject – subject) communication are considered in detail.
    Keywords:
    project training, training, journalism, motive, knowledge, skills, workshop, student audience, training course, principles of activity, principles of research position, principles of objectivity of behavior, principles of partner communications
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  • Vysshee voennoe obrazovanie na sovremennom etape (k voprosu o rassmotrenii protsessa osvoeniia distsiplin sotsial'no-gumanitarnogo tsikla v otechestvennom i zarubezhnom nauchnom diskurse)

    Book Chapter
    Education and science: current trends
    Authors:
    Ol'ga E. Farberova, Dmitrii A. Baranov, Vladimir P. Anisimov
    Work direction:
    Парадигмы современного образования
    Abstract:
    The work is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between the concept of primary military-environmental adaptation of military students. A brief description of the main directions of scientific analysis of the problem in the works of some domestic and foreign military teachers. The aim is to give a comparative description of the key approaches formed within the domestic and foreign socio-pedagogical schools. The most characteristic and typical problem sides of development of a complex of social and humanitarian disciplines by cadets in the system of higher military engineering education, including foreign military personnel, trained in military universities, are formulated. An attempt is made to outline the main problems and outlines of further research in this direction.
    Keywords:
    high military education, disciplines of the social and humanitarian cycle, humanitarian knowledge, social adaptation, foreign military specialists, military and environmental training, military training centers
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