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List of publications on a keyword: «set»

  • Application of set theory and logic in the design of intelligent educational environments

    Proceeding
    Modern educational process: psychological and pedagogical support, educational strategies
    Authors:
    Ivan A. Rozhkov, Aleksandr E. Sergeev
    Work direction:
    Инновационные технологии в образовании
    Abstract:
    The article examines the fundamental role of the apparatus of discrete mathematics, in particular set theory and mathematical logic, in the design and development of intelligent educational environments (IEDs). The key tasks of IEDs are analyzed, such as knowledge formalization, adaptive planning of learning trajectories, gap diagnosis and generation of personalized tasks, the solution of which is based on operations on sets, Boolean algebra, logical rules and predicate calculus. It is proved that the use of these formal methods makes it possible to move from intuitive design of educational content to a precise, algorithmically controlled process, which is a critical factor in improving the quality and accessibility of education. The work highlights promising areas of integration of these disciplines into modern EdTech solutions.
    Keywords:
    adaptive learning, personalization, set theory, intellectual educational environments, mathematical logic, knowledge formalization, ontologies, logical inference
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  • The Importance of Legal Procedural Policy for Modern Jurisprudence

    Proceeding
    Strategies of Sustainable Development: Social, Law and External-economic Aspects
    Author:
    Artur R. Davletshin
    Work direction:
    Актуальные вопросы юриспруденции
    Abstract:
    The article examines the importance of legal procedural policy as a strategic tool for the development of modern jurisprudence. The author reveals its role in ensuring fairness, legality and effectiveness of justice, emphasizing the connection with the legal process as the main form of implementation. Key methodological foundations are analyzed: goal-setting, axiological approach and foresight in law. Particular attention is paid to the need for a clear distinction between goals and means in legal activity, as well as the formation of legal awareness.
    Keywords:
    legal policy, legal procedural policy, axiological approach, goal setting
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  • Setting motivational guidelines for firefighters in the context of professional training

    Book Chapter
    Current issues of pedagogy and psychology
    Author:
    Ekaterina L. Arzamasova
    Work direction:
    Глава 13
    Abstract:
    The chapter is devoted to the formation of stable motivational guidelines among fire service employees in the process of their professional training. The psychological aspects of motivation, risk factors for emotional exhaustion, and methods for improving the effectiveness of rescuers are considered. Special attention is paid to the importance of setting clear goals, developing professional competencies, and fostering a sense of teamwork and mutual assistance. Recommendations are given on creating conditions conducive to the development of personal qualities necessary for successfully overcoming stressful situations and high readiness for emergency response. The necessity of regular psychological support and support for firefighters is substantiated in order to prevent the negative effects of prolonged exposure to extreme labor factors. The mechanisms of maintaining a high level of personal responsibility and awareness of the importance of the mission of saving the life and health of the population are being investigated.
    Keywords:
    staff motivation, psychological stability, professional training of firefighters, goal setting, competence of specialists, formation of team spirit, prevention of professional burnout, personal development of EMERCOM employees, emotional self-regulation, increasing the level of responsibility
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  • The ontology of the formation of state bilingualism in the Republic of Belarus by the end of the 20th century

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 7 No 2
    Author:
    Liubov R. Mustafina
    Work direction:
    World languages and literature
    Abstract:
    The work is devoted to the description of the language situation in the Republic of Belarus. The author studies the status and functions of the Belarusian language in the lands that were historically part of several states and are currently Belarusian territory. The aim of the work is to establish the factors that determined the return to state bilingualism following a short period of using the Belarusian language as the only state language. The study is based on the analysis of published documents devoted to the description of the language situation, as well as the language policy pursued in the Republic of Belarus, starting from the 9th to the 20th centuries. The study is of a review nature. The following should be recognized as the main factors underlying the modern language situation in the country: a long time of the Belarusian language being in a diglossal distribution with more functionally developed languages; close relationship of the Russian and Belarusian languages; stigmatization of a mixed version of these languages; the inclusion of the territory of modern Belarus into the Russian Empire and the USSR; a more prestigious status for the Russian language in the world; the functioning of the Belarusian language as a symbol of ethnic identification of Belarusians, but not as a means of communication.
    Keywords:
    the Russian language, the Belarusian language, closely related languages in bilingual settings, belarusian-russian-mixed-speech, language functions
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  • Problems of the effectiveness of legal procedural policy: general theoretical aspects

    Proceeding
    Topical issues of law, economic and management
    Author:
    Eduard E. Isaev
    Work direction:
    Актуальные вопросы юриспруденции
    Abstract:
    The article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of the effectiveness of legal procedural policy in the context of modern challenges of legal regulation. The issues of goal-setting in procedural law, gaps in legislation and ways to eliminate them are considered. Key criteria for assessing effectiveness are identified, including the degree of satisfaction of legal interests, protection and safeguarding of constitutional rights, etc.
    Keywords:
    legal policy, legal procedural policy, law and order, efficiency of law enforcement, goal-setting in law, gaps in legislation
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  • Legal aspects of judicial protection of exclusive rights to digital assets

    Proceeding
    Topical issues of law, economic and management
    Authors:
    Anastasiia A. Belova, Tigran T. Aliev
    Work direction:
    Гражданский и арбитражный процесс
    Abstract:
    The article is devoted to the study of legal conflicts arising in the context of judicial protection of exclusive rights to digital assets. The author analyses the peculiarities of qualification of such objects as cryptocurrencies, big data, 3D models and virtual game property, based on Russian and foreign judicial practice. The case of VKontakte v Double Data (2021) is considered, demonstrating the contradictions between the extraterritoriality of digital assets and the territoriality of jurisdictions. Particular attention is paid to the problem of distinguishing digital assets from intellectual property, as well as the dual status of virtual property. Finally, a classification of digital assets into three categories is proposed: protected intellectual property, virtual gaming property and crypto-assets. It emphasises the need to adapt legal norms to digital realities while maintaining a balance between innovation and protection of rights holders.
    Keywords:
    Big Data, cryptocurrencies, digital assets, judicial protection, copyright, exclusive rights, 3D models, virtual property, legal conflicts
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  • Designing tasks for the formation of engineering thinking among mid-level specialists in ship navigation management in the conditions of postgraduate education

    Proceeding
    Pedagogy, Psychology, Society: from theory to practice
    Authors:
    Valerii R. Sagiian, Tatiana K. Smykovskaia
    Work direction:
    Теория и методика профессионального образования
    Abstract:
    The article raises the problem of developing sets of tasks for the formation of engineering thinking and systematization of mathematical knowledge among mid-level specialists in ship navigation management without interrupting their professional activities. The procedures for constructing different types of tasks included in sets of tasks on educational topics of advanced training are given, as well as examples of fragments of sets of tasks on individual educational topics.
    Keywords:
    teaching methods, mathematics, engineering thinking, set of problems, educational topic, ship navigator, postgraduation period, design procedure, types of tasks
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  • Art Coaching as an Integrative Method for Activating Creative Thinking: Theory, Methodology, and Practical Application

    Proceeding
    Coaching and mentoring: theory and practice
    Author:
    Talina M. Vengrzhnovskaia
    Work direction:
    Psychological security in the digital environment of an educational institution
    Abstract:
    This article presents an author's method of art coaching, developed and tested since 2015. It explores the theoretical foundations and practical application of the method, which combines the structured approach of classical coaching with creative techniques of art therapy. The structure of an art coaching session, the specifics of applying the method in various areas (individual counseling, family relationships, business environment), as well as its effectiveness in solving strategic and creative tasks are examined. Special attention is paid to the scientific justification for using creative thinking to activate subconscious resources and find non-standard solutions.
    Keywords:
    creativity, strategic development, creative thinking, art therapy, TRIZ, coaching, art coaching, creative mindset, subconscious, projective techniques, business consulting, business diagnostics
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  • Formation of innovative projects in the context of international economic sanctions

    Book Chapter
    Development of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects
    Authors:
    Mikhail V. Alekseenko, Ivan I. Golub
    Work direction:
    Глава 1
    Abstract:
    The chapter examines the impact of sanctions on the Russian economy, analyzes various theoretical approaches to the concept of economic integration and financial and legal mechanisms, their role in ensuring national security and stimulating economic growth. Special attention is paid to the problems of Russian tax legislation and its impact on attracting foreign investment, as well as the possibility of using cryptocurrencies in international settlements under sanctions pressure.
    Keywords:
    cryptocurrencies, innovative projects, national security, economic sanctions, economic integration, financial and legal mechanisms, tax legislation, foreign investments, international settlements, sanctions pressure
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  • The System of Work of a Class Teacher in a Secondary Professional Educational Institution for the Pedagogical Prevention of Smoking (Vaping) Electronic Cigarettes

    Book Chapter
    Theoretical and practical aspects of pedagogy and psychology
    Author:
    Olga S. Tsaregorodtseva
    Work direction:
    Глава 10
    Abstract:
    Pedagogical prevention of smoking (vaping) electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among students, like any prevention, should be ongoing and diverse. We have developed a set of activities for class hours and parent meetings (survey, presentation, booklet for parents, a selection of articles, videos and trainings) that takes into account the reasons for the popularity of vaping, informs students and their parents about the real impact of electronic cigarettes on physical and mental health, helps to increase the motivation to quit smoking e-cigarettes, offers alternatives to vaping based on the principles of healthy lifestyle.
    Keywords:
    educational organization, students, pedagogical prevention, addiction, electronic cigarettes, vaping, a set of activities for classroom hours, physical and mental health, motivation to quit smoking, curators of groups, secondary vocational educational institutions
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  • General and contextual competencies of graduates of higher education

    Book Chapter
    Theoretical and practical aspects of pedagogy and psychology
    Author:
    Vladimir A. Spivak
    Work direction:
    Глава 1
    Abstract:
    The problems of inconsistency in the perception of the interests of groups of subjects of the education system are considered, the need for students to familiarize themselves with the contextual requirements for employees of organizations in order to form a realistic idea of the future place of work, the specifics of work and working life is justified. A number of data sources are provided that allow you to navigate the information field and develop graduate models.
    Keywords:
    problems of goal setting, contextual competencies of graduates of higher education, validity of competence measurement methods
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  • Подготовка студенческих команд к спортивному турниру по силовым видам спорта «Богатыри Ярослава»: методический аспект

    Book Chapter
    Modern issues of pedagogy and psychology: theoretical and methodological approaches and practical research results
    Authors:
    Ol'ga N. Kirsanova, Evgenii E. Karpov
    Work direction:
    Глава 5
    Abstract:
    This chapter reveals the toolkit for students’ training for the traditional endurance sports tournament «Bogatyrs of Yaroslav». The description of bogatyr is presented in the chapter based on the analysis of the literature. To conduct the experiment, special sets of exercises were developed for building the power abilities of the participants. A comparative analysis of the results of training the control and experimental groups indicates a significant advantage of the winners using the developed set of exercises.
    Keywords:
    tournament, student teams, set of training exercises, characteristics of bogatyr
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  • Improving the Processes of Modeling Customs Activities at the Present Stage

    Book Chapter
    Vectors of socio-economic development in Russia. Modern challenges and opportunities
    Author:
    Vladimir N. Kruglov
    Work direction:
    Глава 6
    Abstract:
    In modern conditions of market economic activity, the process of integration and cooperative interaction often becomes crucial for the country to conduct an effective foreign economic policy. However, it is the very time that this trend has been subjected to numerous challenges and threats from the perspective of multiple packages of unjustified sanctions against the Russian Federation from a number of Western unfriendly states. As a result, along with threats and challenges, strengths and weaknesses of the process, new opportunities for optimizing the trade balance with foreign partners have appeared. The logistics flows of Russian trade have changed the vector of orientation from the western to the eastern sector. The algorithm of trade relations itself is changing. And one of the main parts in this restructuring mechanism is played by the apparatus of the Federal Customs Service (FCS), without whose thorough work success in this matter is simply impossible. In turn, the customs industry, in order to activate innovative management imperatives, urgently needs numerous initial assets and resources to fully ensure daily operations. This means that the role of the logistics support structure responsible for this area is immeasurably increasing. It is the activity of the latter that is the focus of the study. The author sees the improvement of the procurement model and its algorithm as a very effective opportunity. Based on the accumulated statistical information and scientific research, the forecast change in a number of procurement functions in various directions is analyzed. Specific conclusions and recommendations are given.
    Keywords:
    algorithm, criteria, foreign economic activity, model, logistics, resources, software and target support, federal customs service, procurement processes, assets
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  • Strategiia razvitiia organizatsii v sovremennoi tsifrovoi srede

    Book Chapter
    Economics and Law
    Authors:
    Natalia V. Nikitina, Farkhod A. Makhmudov
    Work direction:
    Глава 4
    Abstract:
    The chapter reflects the study of how changes in customer demand and preferences, increased competition in the market and crisis phenomena can affect the directions of the organization's activity. STEEP, SWOT, SMART, BKG, Ansoff matrix and goal setting pyramid methods have been used in the study. It has been revealed that it is important for the employees of the organization to acquire the skills of quick adaptation to the changes, to analyze the market in a timely manner, to identify problems as quickly as possible and to make decisions on the problems identified. Optimization of management processes and the use of digital tools for effective work and are an integral part of the organization's development strategy. The development of the proposed strategic directions related to import substitution, development of new activities, promotion in new markets will provide a competitive advantage and a positive result in the future.
    Keywords:
    strategy, competitiveness, digital tools, building materials' production, management process optimization, customer demand, goal-setting
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  • SELECTED ISSUES OF DEVELOPING A THEORETICAL MODEL OF AN INTELLIGENT DIGITAL KNOWLEDGE MONITORING SYSTEM

    Proceeding
    The Topical Issues of the Humanities and Social Sciences: from Theory to Practice
    Author:
    Roman I. Kondratov
    Work direction:
    Тенденции развития цифрового образования
    Abstract:
    The article discusses approaches to the development of a mathematical model of digital knowledge monitoring based on a semantic network. The hierarchical structure of training within the framework of the implementation of the state standard is presented. The analysis of the requirements for the semantic network within the framework of the claimed model is carried out. The article also describes approaches to the representation of the learning process in the form of an oriented graph of the development of educational programs.
    Keywords:
    set theory, semantic network, individual educational trajectories, digital knowledge monitoring, intelligent learning systems, oriented graph
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  • Reputation management as a marketing asset of the university.

    Proceeding
    Socio-Pedagogical Issues of Education and Upbringing
    Author:
    Valeriia V. Kamennova
    Work direction:
    Содержание и технологии профессионального образования
    Abstract:
    The reputation of the university is a key marketing asset that can attract talented teachers and students, improve the quality of education and research, and also lead to an increase in financial resources. Managing this indicator should become a priority for all managers who strive to achieve high results and maintain leadership in the global educational environment. The article discusses the concepts and the main factors affecting the reputation of the university. The ways to improve the reputation of the university are presented.
    Keywords:
    concept, efficiency, factors, reputation, ways to improve the image of the university, marketing assets, PR communications, highly qualified personnel, evaluation of activities
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  • The originality of the work of V. V. Nabokov "Set"

    Proceeding
    Pedagogy, Psychology, Society
    Authors:
    Elena A. Babenko, Anzhela R. Fomina, Diana A. Strigina
    Work direction:
    Филология в системе образования
    Abstract:
    The article presents the results of the analysis of the content, compositional features of the work of V. V. Nabokov "Set" (1935) - a work that was a combination of traditional and non-traditional, which allowed the reader to look into the creative world of the author, to observe the process of the birth of the hero of a new work.
    Keywords:
    title, Nabokov, novella, set, hero, type of narrative, two worlds
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  • MECHANISMS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SENSORY-TACTIVE KITS IN THE CORRECTION OF SPEECH DEFECTS IN CHILDREN WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS

    Proceeding
    Psychological and Pedagogical Support of General, Special and Inclusive Education of Children and Adults
    Authors:
    Diana S. Iutkina, Anna E. Ratanina, Ekaterina A. Gordeeva
    Work direction:
    Problems of psychological safety of the environment in the system of special and inclusive education
    Abstract:
    The article describes data on the number of children with visual impairments in Russia at the moment. The technology for the implementation of sensory-tactile sets in the correction of speech of children with visual impairments, which was successfully tested on the basis of a children's preschool educational institution in the city of Tomsk, is presented.
    Keywords:
    children with visual impairments, sensory-tactile set, speech defects
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  • An educational space within the College of Arts as a welcoming enviroment to instill patriotism in youth

    Proceeding
    Pedagogical Activity of an Educational Organization – The Space of Personal Growth of Participants in Educational Relations
    Authors:
    Irina F. Zimina, Svetlana S. Novgorodtseva
    Work direction:
    Патриотические и духовно-нравственные национальные аспекты воспитания детей и молодежи
    Abstract:
    This article is about difficulties of instilling patriotic values in youth in educational institutions. It also provides insight into understanding the importance of giving a sense of patriotism at the state level. Nizhny Tagil College of Arts is an example of how young people can come to share patriotic ideals. The article might be interesting to all those who deliver education at Art and Culture institutions
    Keywords:
    Patriotism, instill patriotism, set of values, law about education in Russian Federation, civil consciousness, motherland, a concert, a festival, artistic creation, Nizhny Tagil College of Arts
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  • Features of Legal Regulation of Cryptocurrency Turnover in Foreign Countries

    Proceeding
    Digital Transformation of State and Municipal Governance
    Authors:
    Oleg G. Solovev, Mikhail A. Malakhov
    Work direction:
    Роль государства в развитии цифровых технологий и вопросы правового регулирования их применения
    Abstract:
    The article examines the legal regimes of some developed countries in the field of digital assets functioning, examines the positive and negative aspects of regulatory regulation of operations with cryptocurrency. The authors point out the lack of a unified approach to determining the legal status of digital assets in various jurisdictions, and note the need to develop a consolidated legal position in countering the criminal turnover of cryptocurrency.
    Keywords:
    bitcoin, payment system, blockchain, economic activity, financial assets, digital assets, virtual currency, cryptocurrency, legal operations, criminal operations
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  • Penalties: Legal and Accounting Aspects

    Book Chapter
    Economics and Law
    Author:
    Elizaveta A. Chuiko
    Work direction:
    Глава 7
    Abstract:
    The issues of various sanctions’ reflection in accounting systems of economic entities have always caused a lot of questions. Currently the number of disputes leading to fines, late fees and penalties for construction contracts has increased considerably in parallel with the growth of sanctions. All the above-mentioned leads to an increased interest in the legality and correctness of these sanctions’ calculation as well as to the organization of accounting and taxation of business operations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop organizational and methodological recommendations of the reflection of penalties in the accounting system of business entities based on the specific sectoral character of the construction industry. The study implies the examination of the accounting regulations and legal acts defining legal relations of construction contracts’ parties along with the analysis of problems revealed by the survey that economic practitioners face and the consideration of economists’ opinions related to analytical accounting of various sanctions. The research has used the following general scientific methods of theoretical cognition as description, analysis and synthesis, data synthesis and formalization, abstraction and specification. As a result, eight subsequent stages of the definition, assessment and reflection of financial burden actors resulting from various types of violations of treaty relations have been defined and described. The consistent implementation of these recommendations paves the way for the timely and transparent provision of information allowing managers not only to control the costs involved, but also to identify perpetrators and responsible persons whose actions or inactions resulted in additional costs as well as to detect the cost centers and their impact on the financial outcome of individual contracts.
    Keywords:
    construction, settlements for claims, accounting of fines, forfeits, penalties, breaches of contracts, work contracts
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  • On the History of the Formation of Assyrian Diasporas in Cities on the Riga Railway

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 3 No 2
    Author:
    Sergei S. Mikhailov
    Work direction:
    Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology
    Abstract:
    In the article the author talks about a local episode in the history of the formation of one of the little-studied diasporas of the cities of Central Russia – the Assyrians. The author's goal is to consider the emergence of communities of the considered ethnic group using the example of small Assyrian diasporas known from the Riga Railway. Since the Assyrians settled in the cities of European Russia for the most part after exodus from their places of traditional residence, fleeing the genocide unleashed by the Turkish authorities during the First World War, their new places of residence anyway were tied to the lines of the railways that existed at that time. For this study, the Riga (formerly Vindava) direction was chosen, about the Assyrians of which the author has so far collected the maximum possible information. Based on the materials of the largest researcher of the Assyrian diaspora of the former USSR – archimandrite Stephen (Sado), as well as on the materials of his own field research, the author provides the reader with information on the diasporas that arose at the early stage of the formation of the Russian Assyrian community – in the 1920s-1930s. The article deals with the Assyrians of the former city of Tushino, which in 1960 became part of Moscow, Istra, Volokolamsk, Rzhev, Velikiye Luki, Toropets, located on the territory of the Moscow, Tver and Pskov regions of the Russian Federation. First of all, the participation of families from different tribal and rural communities in the formation of diasporas is considered, as a result, the author identifies at least three parts on this railway direction, inhabited by people from certain tribes. The first part, which includes the former city of Tushino and, possibly, Istra and Volokolamsk, is represented by the diasporas of the Jylu tribe. In the second, on the indicated railway direction, we include only the city of Rzhev. There, first of all, we see two groups of families of people from the village. Kochanis (Kuchisnaya tribe) and the Diz region (Diznaya). The latter point allows us to consider the city as part of the settlement area of the diasporas of this group, which includes some cities of the Tver and Smolensk regions, located along the adjacent Torzhok – Vyazma branch. The third part is the cities of Velikiye Luki and Toropets, in which we know mainly the Assyrians of the Shapatna group, who in the 1920–1930s created a large array of settlement of their diasporas, covering part of the north-west of Russia, Belarus, part of the north of Ukraine.
    Keywords:
    family, Assyrians, diaspora, city, Riga Railway, local group, refugees, settlement, community
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  • Health preparation of the elderly population by the special complex

    Proceeding
    Current trends in the development of education system
    Author:
    Olga V. Gashenko
    Work direction:
    Теория и методика физического воспитания, спортивной тренировки, оздоровительной и адаптивной физической культуры
    Abstract:
    The article discusses the state of health and ways ofhealing the elderly, medical and social problems faced by this category of citizens. A study was conducted to identify the incidence rate and to determine the effectiveness of the introduction of a special complex for the elderly, statistics were collected together with general practitioners and general practitioners of clinics in Vladivostok. Conclusions were drawn that a special set of exercises has no contraindications and is generally available to the elderly.
    Keywords:
    Aged people, age-related diseases, motivation for physical education, a special set of physical exercises, the elderly, the health of the elderly
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  • German Contribution to Archeological Study of the Golden Horde Ukek: A Review of Ethnographic Sources

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture No 2 (3)
    Author:
    Oksana V. Matasova
    Work direction:
    Problems of Ethnic Cultures Preservation
    Abstract:
    The article presents a chronological overview of the study of the Uvek settlement. Arguably one of the oldest cities and major political and economic centers of the Golden Horde, Ukek stood at the intersection of the Northern branch of the Great Silk Road and the Great Volga Trade Route, providing trade caravans and embassies a safe way across the Volga on their further journey to the Crimea or Scandinavia. It is noted that having been weakened by the decline of trade and the plague outbreak, Ukek was completely destroyed by Tamerlane and soon forgotten. It is safe to say that much of the credit for conducting research of that archaeological site belongs to researchers from countries other than Russia. The aim of the article is to reveal the role of German researchers in the study of Ukek. Methods of research. The author provides a timeline of the research of the Uvek archaeological site carried out by German archeologists. Having consulted various sources, primarily academic papers, the author has been able to collect information about the German researchers of Ukek and analyze their academic contribution. It is noted that the first scientific publication about Ukek was published in German as German researchers revealed the connection between Ukek and the Uvek settlement and started the first excavations there. As a result of the analysis, the article concludes that German archeologists, being at the origins of the research of the Uvek archaeological site, contributed to the formation of the traditions of the archeological schools of Volga region. The author emphasizes that the course of the study of the Ukek heritage is important for understanding the cultural and historical processes in the Volga region that facilitated academic links between this region and Europe.
    Keywords:
    Ukek, Uvek settlement, archaeological site, Golden Horde, numismatics, archaeological excavation
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  • National Cinematograph and National Mind-Set

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture No 1 (2)
    Author:
    Eduard O. Krank
    Work direction:
    Problems of Ethnic Cultures Preservation
    Abstract:
    The article is devoted to the problem of national cinematograph in the conditions of the dominance of mass cinema products at the market, especially the American film industry. Paradigms and criteria in the definition of national (ethnic) cinema are presented. The aim of the article is to confirm its working hypothesis, which is that the development of national cinematograph becomes significant only when, reproducing by filming their own narratives, imbued with national mind-set, the authors create cinematographic artifacts with their own manner, style, language, which is able to develop and enrich the film language. The descriptive and analytical methodology used in conjunction with the historical and genetic method allows us to come to certain conclusions. These findings consist in the position that such national cinematograph becomes pervasive, which is permeated by the national mind-set and at the same time responds to both ethnic and world cultural challenges, creates national narratives that due to their relevance become meta-ethnic narratives. An analysis of the existing definitions and properties of what should be understood as national cinematograph allows one to discuss the topic of what the essence of national cinema is: in the local and regional desire to establish itself as having a right to exist, or in the meta-ethnic aspect, which allows national cinema to become a direction in cinema. Thus, the necessary property of national cinematograph for its equal existence among others, the author singles out such a feature as the situation of passionarity in which the nation lives. Its mind-set creates its own national narrative, and therefore its own cinema language. The article is the part of a fundamental study on the theory of cinema, in which the main points are categories such as "film narrative", "conventionality of cinematograph" and "film language".
    Keywords:
    ethnic culture, national cinematograph, national mind-set, German film expressionism, new wave, Ingmar Bergman, dogme 95, film language, film narrative
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