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List of publications on a keyword: «ACT»

  • Physical education and healthy lifestyle: current aspects of interaction

    Conference Paper
    Effective practices of educational and management activities in the education system
    Author:
    Kristina D. Martusenko
    Work direction:
    Методическое и управленческое развитие образовательной организации
    Abstract:
    The article examines current aspects of the interaction between physical culture and a healthy lifestyle. It analyzes the role of regular physical activity as a key component of a healthy lifestyle, as well as factors that prevent the formation of healthy habits. The author substantiates the need for an integrated approach combining physical culture, rational nutrition, rejection of bad habits and psychohygiene.
    Keywords:
    motivation, healthy lifestyle, students, physical culture, physical activity, physical inactivity, disease prevention, healthy habits
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  • Current Issues of Integration of Science and Practice in the Context of Transformation of Socio-Economic Systems

    Conference Paper
    Current issues of integrating science and practice in the context of transforming socio-economic systems
    Authors:
    Kirill V. Sdobnov, Daniil A. Topyrkin, Arsenii I. Sobolevskii, Vladimir V. Gradov, Giliana S. Uliumdzhieva
    Work direction:
    Развитие информационных технологий в условиях трансформации социально-экономических систем
    Abstract:
    The article examines the integration of science and practice as a key factor in ensuring sustainable development under the transformation of socio-economic systems. Special attention is paid to the role of information technologies (IT) as an infrastructure bridge between theoretical knowledge and real-world applications. The author analyzes structural shifts in labor markets, digital management models, and the emergence of hybrid institutional forms. The conclusion substantiates the need for systemic mechanisms for transferring scientific results into practical solutions, with IT acting as an accelerator of this process. Originality of the proposed approach lies in combining institutional theory and digital transformation models
    Keywords:
    information technologies, digital economy, knowledge transfer, integration of science and practice, socio-economic transformation, institutional changes
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  • The impact of the integration of ICT and education on the innovation activity of organizations

    Book Chapter
    Development of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects
    Author:
    Olga I. Khudiakova
    Work direction:
    Глава 3
    Abstract:
    This chapter the integration of the information and communication technology (ICT) sector and the educational environment as a key driver of increased innovation activity in the modern economy. It explores the mechanisms, forms, and tools of this interaction, including joint educational programs for the development of a new type of workforce, the creation of R&D centers and technology parks for technology transfer, and the impact of project-based learning on the transformation of companies' business models. The paper analyzes the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the effectiveness of this integration. Special attention is paid to systemic barriers: the gap between theory and practice, bureaucratic obstacles, and differences in corporate culture. In conclusion, the article formulates conclusions about the need to build a unified ecosystem to ensure sustainable economic growth through the commercialization of scientific developments and the development of human capital.
    Keywords:
    innovative activity, human resources, learning organization, digital economy, integration of education and business, ICT sector, technology transfer, flexible management methodologies, investment efficiency, and commercialization of intellectual property
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  • Assessment of the content of regional state transport development programs in compliance with program-targeted planning requirements

    Book Chapter
    Development of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects
    Authors:
    Aleksandr S. Shpak, Veronika A. Zhuravliova
    Work direction:
    Глава 7
    Abstract:
    The chapter is devoted to checking the compliance of the main parameters of the state programs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the transport sector with the principles of program-target planning and the strategic guidelines of the transport policy of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to assess the content of the state program «Development of the Transport System of the Leningrad Region.” The role of the state programs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the structure of program-target planning and the main tools of the unified state policy in the transport sector are presented. An analysis of the main parameters of the state programs of the constituent entities of the Federation that are part of the North-Western Federal District in the transport sector, and an assessment of the content and level of the state program of the Leningrad Region using the SMART methodology, showed that the program's goals are formulated concretely and measurably, but their full achievement has not been realized. Practical recommendations are provided to improve the effectiveness of the state program at the planning stage.
    Keywords:
    SMART technology, and phrases: state program, transport sector, program-target planning, assessment of the content and level of compliance with the goals, objectives, and activities of state programs
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  • The development of self-awareness in the educational process: pedagogical strategies for the formation of a holistic personality in the context of an anthropological transition

    Book Chapter
    Issues of education and psychology
    Author:
    Svetlana A. Pavlenko
    Work direction:
    Глава 8
    Abstract:
    The chapter substantiates the need to reorient modern education from knowledge transfer to the development of self-consciousness as a key competence of the 21st century. Based on an interdisciplinary synthesis of data from developmental psychology, neuroscience and pedagogical anthropology, the challenges facing the educational system in the era of anthropological transition are analyzed. A pedagogical model for the development of self-consciousness is proposed, including four interconnected levels: bodily, emotional-personal, intellectual-reflexive and value-semantic. Specific pedagogical strategies, methods and exercises for each level are described, taking into account the age characteristics of students. Education is considered as an anthropological practice aimed at the formation of an integral, responsible and creative personality – the subject of own development.
    Keywords:
    emotional intelligence, metacognition, development of self-consciousness, pedagogical anthropology, personality-oriented education, integrative pedagogy, school practice
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  • Natural science knowledge as a foundation for the formation of scientific research competencies in a medical university

    Book Chapter
    Issues of education and psychology
    Authors:
    Elena V. Plashchevaia, Elena A. Utochkina
    Work direction:
    Глава 11
    Abstract:
    The chapter presents the results of the analysis of scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, methodologists, and teachers on the development of scientific research competencies in students when studying natural science disciplines. The problem and solutions for mastering and developing research skills and abilities in higher education institutions are identified. The structure of scientific research competencies, levels of their formation and indicators of achievement are described. An interdisciplinary route map and a model of a technological map for organizing and conducting laboratory and practical classes in chemistry, physics, and mathematics have been developed. An example of experimental work in physics is demonstrated, with a detailed step-by-step description of its implementation. The active implementation of electronic digital resources into the educational process is shown. The article presents the types of electronic educational didactic materials developed and used in the educational process. The components of online courses in the electronic information and educational environment of the Amur State Medical Academy are listed in detail. Examples of scientific components of lecture materials and video experiments are clearly presented. The paper provides information on the diversity and functionality of chat-bots used in practical classes within the natural sciences. The chapter presents a questionnaire developed by teachers, intended for questioning, criteria for assessing diagnostics, results and a comparative analysis of the initial and final diagnostics of the level of development of scientific research competencies in medical university students.
    Keywords:
    pedagogical experiment, research competencies, natural science disciplines, laboratory and practical classes
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  • Relevant tools for increasing motivation and linguistic competence formation among students of technical universities

    Book Chapter
    Issues of education and psychology
    Authors:
    Kseniia V. Kulemina, Olesia V. Fedorova
    Work direction:
    Глава 14
    Abstract:
    The chapter examines the problem of increasing the motivation of technical university students to learn foreign languages and developing their linguistic competencies under conditions of limited classroom hours. The relevance of the study, the modern requirements of higher education and the need to train specialists capable of professional communication in a foreign language. The authors have analyzed the role of extracurricular activities in forming the communicative competencies of students of different specialties. Based on the experience of Astrakhan State Technical University, the forms of organizing extracurricular work with Russian and foreign students are presented. The activities of the English language student club «Afternoon Tea», aimed at developing foreign language communicative competence, are described in detail. The paper discusses methodological approaches and examples of tasks that contribute to the development of listening and speaking skills and vocabulary expansion. In this research it has been established that regular participation in the club meetings helps students overcome the language barrier and gain confidence in their knowledge. The results of the study confirm the positive impact of extracurricular activities on students’ motivation and the quality of language training. It is concluded that modern forms of extracurricular work are essential for improving the effectiveness of language education and preparing competitive specialists for professional and intercultural communication.
    Keywords:
    motivation, communicative competences, higher education, Extracurricular activities, up-to-date instruments
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  • The language of professional communication: approaches, model, and content of learning in theory and practice of Russian as a foreign language

    Book Chapter
    Issues of education and psychology
    Authors:
    Natalya S. Shatalova, Liudmila S. Shatalova
    Work direction:
    Глава 15
    Abstract:
    The chapter addresses the problem of creating a modern integrative model for teaching foreign language professional communication, taking into account the requirements of professionalization and specialization. Teaching professional communication is considered as an independent area in the methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language. The article presents a theoretical justification of the proposed model, characterized by phasing and staging of instruction (in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard) and level-based content (bachelor's degree, language proficiency levels B1-C1). Modern approaches to modeling the process of teaching professional communication are considered as a synthesis of conceptual provisions of pedagogical and linguodidactic paradigms. The results of linguistic research on metalanguages of various types of professional discourse for educational purposes are clarified. The basic components of the didactic support of the model are identified, and the pedagogical tools for its implementation are characterized. The content of the diagnostic system for assessing the level of communicative competence formation is defined. A system for diagnosing the effectiveness of professional communication language proficiency is proposed, specifying invariant tasks for levels B1-C1. Theoretical methods, content analysis, continuous sampling method, and statistical methods were applied.
    Keywords:
    professional communication, general theory of linguodidactics, methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language, professional discourse, meta-language of professional communication, and a modern integrative model of teaching the language of professional communication
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  • Assessment of life satisfaction and level of empathy of students of medical universities

    Book Chapter
    Issues of education and psychology
    Authors:
    Vadim V. Riabchikov, Irina D. Iushkova
    Work direction:
    Глава 16
    Abstract:
    The chapter analyzes the results of the research of life satisfaction and level of empathy of students of medical universities. The methodological approaches of foreign and Russian researchers to the problems associated with low life satisfaction and insufficient formation of empathic abilities in future doctors are characterized. The conclusion is made about a decrease in the level of empathy among students of medical universities in the process of study and clinical practice. It is noted that the average values for all components of the empathy scale used are higher among female respondents, as well as the average values on the life satisfaction scale. It is emphasized that within the framework of theoretical and practical training of students of medical universities, it is advisable to pay more attention, including by increasing the volume of classroom work with students, to teaching psychological, pedagogical and communication disciplines aimed at developing empathic abilities.
    Keywords:
    empathy, life satisfaction, future doctors, medical activities, interpersonal interaction
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  • Formirovanie navykov bezopasnogo povedeniia u mladshikh shkol'nikov v protsesse uchebno-vospitatel'noi raboty

    Book Chapter
    Issues of education and psychology
    Authors:
    Elena A. Karagodina, Elena N. Kriazhenko, Grigorii A. Lesnykh, Aleksandr M. Smyshnov
    Work direction:
    Глава 21
    Abstract:
    The chapter reveals the concepts of “behavioral safety” and the related concept of danger, provides classifications of dangers, and outlines the goals of teaching students about safe behavior. The authors analyze the Federal Working Program for the subject “World Around Us” and argue that the most effective approach is an integrative one, where knowledge and skills of safe behavior are not taught as a separate course, but are systematically integrated into various components of educational and upbringing activities. The main content of the study focuses on the methodological framework for developing these skills through classroom activities. In the lessons on the world around us (in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education), students study topics directly related to road safety, fire safety, and safety when interacting with strangers, among other things. The authors explore the use of visual aids, game technologies, and problem-solving exercises in the lessons on the world around us in primary school.
    Keywords:
    educational process, junior schoolchildren, life safety, safe behavior skills, game technologies, danger, classification of dangers, formation of safe behavior, subject ”The World Around Us”, didactic means, problem situations and exercises
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  • ПРОЕКТНАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ СТУДЕНТА КАК ОДИН ИЗ МЕТОДОВ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ГОВОРЕНИЮ

    Conference Paper
    Advanced Pedagogical Experience in the Modern Educational Space
    Author:
    Elena G. Khitarova
    Work direction:
    Методология и педагогический дизайн в гибридном и дистанционном обучении
    Abstract:
    This article reveals the basic principles of teaching English speaking skills through project activities. The goal is to analyze the students project activities. The tasks are as follows: to consider the basic terms, to study practical aspects and others. The conclusion is given.
    Keywords:
    foreign language, project activities, reading, speaking, teaching methodology
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  • Model' TRACT kak integrativnyi faktor kachestva obrazovaniia

    Conference Paper
    Advanced Pedagogical Experience in the Modern Educational Space
    Authors:
    Marina V. Piriazeva, Margarita I. Kretova
    Work direction:
    Цифровые инструменты и искусственный интеллект в образовании
    Abstract:
    В статье рассматривается модель TRACT (transparent, relevant, adaptive, collaborative, transformative) как интегративный фактор обеспечения качества образования. Анализируется ее потенциал в контексте современных вызовов образовательной системы. Модель исследуется через призму принципов интегративности, процессного подхода и ориентации на результат. Доказывается, что TRACT выступает синтезирующей основой для гармонизации различных аспектов образовательной деятельности, способствуя достижению комплексного и устойчивого качества.
    Keywords:
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  • THE TEACHER AS A DIRECTOR OF AN EDUCATIONAL EVENT

    Conference Paper
    Advanced Pedagogical Experience in the Modern Educational Space
    Author:
    Aleksei K. Osin
    Work direction:
    Профессиональный рост педагога: традиции и инновации
    Abstract:
    This article explores the role of the teacher as the director of an educational event, revealing the specifics of teaching skills aimed at creating conditions for active, creative, and independent learning by students. The author examines the art of teaching through the lens of directorial competencies: the ability to design an educational space, construct a lesson narrative, engage students in the learning process, manage the emotional atmosphere of the lesson, and stimulate the personal development of each student. Methods and techniques that enable teachers to effectively organize the educational process are also explored.
    Keywords:
    motivation of students, Pedagogical directing, educational event, design of educational space, pedagogical excellence, creative activity of students, educational drama, developmental learning, student-centered approach, interactivity in education
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  • A MODEL FOR PREVENTING BULLYING AMONG ADOLESCENTS THROUGH THE ORGANIZATION OF EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES AND CLASSES

    Conference Paper
    Advanced Pedagogical Experience in the Modern Educational Space
    Authors:
    Aleksei K. Osin, Marina N. Baronina
    Work direction:
    Профессиональный рост педагога: традиции и инновации
    Abstract:
    The proposed model aims to prevent bullying by organizing extracurricular activities and classes that foster a positive atmosphere among adolescents and develop communication skills, empathy, and tolerance. The model incorporates a comprehensive approach, including play-based activities, personal growth training, group discussions, sports events, and creative workshops. The main goals of the model are to increase adolescent awareness of the consequences of bullying, develop constructive conflict resolution skills, and strengthen emotional resilience and self-confidence.
    Keywords:
    communication skills, educational environment, team building, Extracurricular activities, aggression, group work, pedagogical support, psychological well-being, bullying prevention, conflict management, emotional stability, bullying among adolescents, anti-stress programs
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  • The Evolution of Legal Regulation of Economic Activity in Russia: From the Imperial Period to the Present (Historical and Legal Analysis)

    Conference Paper
    Topical issues of law, economic and management
    Authors:
    Daria E. Kuvshinova, Nadezhda I. Kuznetsova
    Work direction:
    Актуальные вопросы теории и истории государства и права
    Abstract:
    Based on a historical and legal analysis, the article examines the evolution of state regulation of economic activity in Russia from the imperial period to the present day. Three key stages are identified, and the legal mechanisms and trends of each period are characterized, highlighting the continuity and discontinuity in the legal tradition.
    Keywords:
    legal regulation of economic activity, business legislation, codification
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  • The attractiveness of projects for the development of man-made waste disposal complexes represented by gold-bearing sand washing tailings (using the Magadan Region as an example)

    Conference Paper
    Topical issues of law, economic and management
    Author:
    Aleksandr V. Kartashov
    Work direction:
    Социально-экономические и правовые аспекты развития регионов России
    Abstract:
    The author of this article analyzed the attractiveness of placer gold mining projects by developing deposits consisting primarily of gold-bearing sand washing tailings from previous years. The author describes the mineral resource base of two subsoil sites located in the Magadan Region, conducts an economic justification, and determines the investment attractiveness of the development project.
    Keywords:
    investment attractiveness, Placer gold mining, man-made waste disposal complexes, Magadan regionn
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  • Overview of research approaches to the economic efficiency of the judiciary, prosecutorial supervision, and law enforcement activities

    Conference Paper
    Topical issues of law, economic and management
    Authors:
    Viktoriia S. Markelova, Nadezhda I. Kuznetsova
    Work direction:
    Судебная власть, прокурорский надзор и правоохранительная деятельность
    Abstract:
    The article analyzes the economic efficiency of the judicial system, prosecutor's offices, and law enforcement agencies using an institutional approach. It examines the theoretical and methodological framework for assessing the effectiveness of legal institutions, including their impact on transaction costs, property rights protection, and economic growth.
    Keywords:
    law enforcement, judicial power, economics of law, prosecutorial supervision, and transaction costs
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  • Legal problems of intellectual property distribution on the Internet in the context of global digitalization

    Conference Paper
    Topical issues of law, economic and management
    Authors:
    Anna A. Nikishkina, Aleksandr V. Nikishkin, Svetlana N. Belova, Daniil S. Perezhogin
    Work direction:
    Информационное право и кибербезопасность
    Abstract:
    The authors of the article note that effective protection of intellectual property rights on the Internet requires an integrated approach, including the development of international legal mechanisms, adaptation of national legislation to digital realities, the formation of an independent copyright protection infrastructure and the introduction of innovative tools for monitoring and recording violations in the online environment. The authors also pay special attention to the fact that it is advisable to develop international legal cooperation within the framework of friendly states and integration associations in order to develop common standards for the protection of intellectual property in the digital environment and the recognition of national legal regimes.
    Keywords:
    objects of audiovisual works, trademarks, innovative technological solutions, digitalization of everyday life, intensive technology development, transformation of economic relations, brand promotion, content replication, user anonymity, impact of sanctions policy, international geopolitical situation, commercialization of intellectual property results
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  • The role of innovative technologies in improving the effectiveness of education

    Conference Paper
    Education, innovation, research as a resource for community development
    Author:
    Svetlana A. Krasnova
    Work direction:
    Инновационные технологии как ресурс повышения качества образования
    Abstract:
    The article examines traditional and innovative teaching technologies used in military educational institutions in the light of higher education reform. The methods and means of introducing innovative technologies by teachers of the humanities and socio-economic block are described in detail. Measures are proposed to improve the quality of specialist training at military universities.
    Keywords:
    higher education reform, interactive teaching methods, innovative learning technologies
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  • Case method in the two-module discipline "Life safety and fundamentals of military training": comparison with a traditional lecture

    Conference Paper
    Education, innovation, research as a resource for community development
    Author:
    Nikolai A. Molchanov
    Work direction:
    Образовательный процесс в высшей профессиональной школе
    Abstract:
    Abstract. The article examines the case method in the two-module discipline “Life Safety and Basic Military Training”. The lecture provides a theoretical basis, while case tasks develop risk analysis, communication and decision-making skills. A combined lecture-and-case model is substantiated.
    Keywords:
    lecture, life safety, risk, active learning, Key words: case method, basic military training
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  • EXTRACURRICULAR LESSONS ON MASTERING FIRST AID AS A WAY TO INCREASE LEARNING MOTIVATION AND ACTIVELY DEVELOP STUDENTS' SKILLS

    Conference Paper
    Education, innovation, research as a resource for community development
    Authors:
    Aleksei K. Osin, Aleksandr S. Kuznetsov
    Work direction:
    Образовательный процесс в высшей профессиональной школе
    Abstract:
    This article examines the impact of extracurricular activities within the First Aid program on students' academic motivation and practical skill acquisition. The study demonstrates that students' involvement in extracurricular activities through the volunteer program not only improves their first aid skills but also enhances their overall interest in learning. The findings confirm the effectiveness of extracurricular activities as a means of enhancing motivation and strengthening life safety competencies.
    Keywords:
    Extracurricular activities, learning motivation, development of competencies, interactive teaching methods, development of practical skills
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  • The concept of a communicative approach in teaching Russian

    Conference Paper
    Education, innovation, research as a resource for community development
    Author:
    Tatiana V. Zastrozhnaia
    Work direction:
    Филология в системе образования
    Abstract:
    The paper examines the concept of the communicative approach in the methodology of teaching the Russian language. It highlights the history of the development of this approach in Russian pedagogy, reveals its key principles (functionality, situativity, novelty, and speech orientation), and describes the forms of its implementation in lessons (situational exercises and cooperative learning). Special attention is given to the compliance of the communicative approach with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education, showing how it contributes to the formation of communicative universal educational actions and the development of students' communicative competence, which includes their readiness and ability to engage in speech communication. The article concludes that this approach is important for developing all language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and encouraging students to be active in the classroom.
    Keywords:
    communicative competence, Federal State Educational Standard, situational exercises, Communicative approach, methods of teaching Russian, communicative universal learning activities, cooperative learning, and speech activity
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  • Antibacterial Properties of Common Plants

    Conference Paper
    Fundamental and applied research for key propriety areas of bioecology and biotechnology
    Authors:
    Veronika V. Siruliaeva, Mariia A. Frolova, Irina A. Dobrosmyslova, Svetoslav A. Dobrosmyslov, Anatolii P. Zhuravlev
    Work direction:
    Актуальные вопросы биоэкологии, систематики, анатомии и морфологии животных и растений
    Abstract:
    In this study, we present the results of a comparative analysis of the antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts of common plants: garlic (Allium sativum), onion (Allium cepa), and horseradish (Armoracia rusticana). The aim of the study was to evaluate the phytoncidal properties of these plants in the context of searching for natural alternatives to synthetic antibiotics amid rising antibiotic resistance. The ability of phytoncides to inhibit the growth of bacterial test cultures on a nutrient medium has been experimentally confirmed. The garlic extract demonstrated the highest antibacterial efficacy, which is consistent with the proposed hypothesis and is due to the high content of allicin — a biologically active compound with pronounced antimicrobial activity.
    Keywords:
    Phytoncides, antibacterial activity, garlic, onion, horseradish, allicin, plant extracts, antibiotic resistance
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  • ACOUSTIC NOISE AS AN ECOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC FACTOR AFFECTING THE MENTAL AND PHYSICAL STATE OF HUMANS

    Conference Paper
    Fundamental and applied research for key propriety areas of bioecology and biotechnology
    Authors:
    Aleksandra S. Vasileva, Mariia A. Frolova, Svetoslav A. Dobrosmyslov, Anatolii P. Zhuravlev
    Work direction:
    Актуальные вопросы биоэкологии, систематики, анатомии и морфологии животных и растений
    Abstract:
    This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the impact of acoustic noise on the psychophysiological state of humans through the integration of data from a theoretical analysis of scientific literature [1, 2, 3, 4] and the results of an empirical sociological survey. The sample consisted of 30 respondents aged between 11 and 70 years. It was found that 70 % of respondents subjectively assess the level of background noise in their everyday environment as high or very high. The dominant subjective reactions include irritability (56 %) and reduced concentration (32 %). Significant psychological effects (stress, increased aggressiveness) and physiological disturbances (headaches, arterial hypertension, decreased immune status) were identified [1, 3]. The obtained results substantiate the need for systematic monitoring of noise pollution in urban environments and the development of multi-level preventive measures to protect the population.
    Keywords:
    sociological survey, Аcoustic noise, noise pollution, psychophysiological reactions, dose-dependent effect, hygienic regulation, individual sensitivity
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  • Visual Health of Students

    Conference Paper
    Fundamental and applied research for key propriety areas of bioecology and biotechnology
    Authors:
    Aleksandra V. Aleksandrova, Mariia A. Frolova, Elena V. Sapiorova, Svetoslav A. Dobrosmyslov, Anatolii P. Zhuravlev
    Work direction:
    Клеточная биология, цитология, гистология, анатомия и физиология
    Abstract:
    This study presents the results of a comparative analysis of the prevalence of vision defects and risk factors among students, as well as an experimental assessment of key parameters of the visual apparatus — the near point of clear vision and the area of the blind spot. The aim of the research was to evaluate the impact of increased visual load from digital devices on the visual health of young people and to test the effectiveness of simple physiological tests for the rapid assessment of certain visual functions. The practical component included a sociological survey of students and a series of physiological experiments. The survey results indicate a significant excess of the recommended time spent using electronic devices among the respondents (on average, 6–7 hours per day) and a high prevalence of vision problems (54.5 %). The hypothesis that adherence to visual hygiene practices and systematic eye exercises reduce the risk of progression of vision defects was confirmed during stud
    Keywords:
    accommodation, ametropia, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, refraction, vision correction, ophthalmic surgery, visual hygiene, visual load
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