The impact of artificial intelligence on English language learning among university students: opportunities, risks, and pedagogical conditions
Annotation
this article reviews recent evidence on how artificial intelligence (AI) affects English language learning among university students. Based on systematic reviews, meta-analyses, empirical studies, and UNESCO guidance, the paper shows that AI can support vocabulary, writing, reading, speaking practice, and self-regulated learning. At the same time, it can weaken learning when students rely on it uncritically or use it without ethical boundaries. The article argues that AI is most effective as a supplementary tool within teacher-guided instruction and proposes conditions for responsible classroo...
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