List of publications on a keyword: «communication»
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Osobennosti kommunikativnykh navykov doshkol'nikov s rasstroistvami autisticheskogo spektra
Proceeding
Psychological and Pedagogical Support of General, Special and Inclusive Education of Children and Adults- Authors:
- Aleksandra O. Konnova, Valeriia tatiana A. Sorokina
- Work direction:
- Security of educational activities during quarantine measures
- Abstract:
- The article explores contemporary theoretical frameworks related to the study of communicative characteristics in preschool-aged children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of timely intervention and personalized approaches that mitigate communicative challenges and enhance social adaptation. The discussion concludes with an exploration of potential directions for future research.
- Keywords:
- interaction, communication, preschool age, communicative abilities, autism spectrum
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Improvement of the strategy and tools for intercultural adaptation of foreign students
Book Chapter
Psychological and pedagogical issues of modern education- Authors:
- Natalia L. Smit, Sergei V. Ilkevich
- Work direction:
- Глава 6
- Abstract:
- The development of educational export is an important strategic task both for Russian universities at the institutional level, allowing them to increase the level of global competitiveness, and at the state level, ensuring the implementation of the principles of the «soft power» strategy. Both of these goal-settings contribute to the achievement of national interests through attraction and persuasion. To increase the efficiency of the export of Russian education and high-quality training of specialists for the global labor market, it is necessary to develop effective methods, mechanisms and technologies for improving the intercultural adaptive environment of educational organizations, which became the main goal of this study. Cultural diversity is a key value guide for the classification of cultures of peoples and countries, as well as an important criterion for the effective management of multicultural groups and organizations. In the context of educational organizations, cultural diversity is becoming a powerful driver for the development of competencies in the host institutions for foreign students, but it is important to systematically approach all components of an intercultural adaptive environment based on the implementation and scaling of best practices. In this study, based on a sociological survey of foreign students in Russian universities, priority adaptation tools are systematized both along the internal contour of the educational organization, as well as and in external bilateral and network interactions. The research recommendations are both strategic in nature, defining the fundamental tasks of educational organizations to create an intercultural adaptive environment, and of an applied and methodological nature, based on proposals regarding the development of specific tools for intercultural adaptation.
- Keywords:
- higher education, educational organization, tutor, university, student-centered learning, internationalization, intercultural interaction, international students, cultural adaptation, academic adaptation, adaptive environment, intercultural communications, cultural intelligence, diversity management, cross-cultural trainings
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Narrative Approaches in Psychology and Coaching: Methodology and Theory
ProceedingCoaching psychology: methodology, theory, practice- Author:
- Kirill V. Kaulin
- Work direction:
- Psychological security in the digital environment of an educational institution
- Abstract:
- The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of the narrative approach in psychology and coaching. The analysis of the approach is conducted through the lens of how a person perceives and structures information, forms a story, and how their consciousness functions. It explores methods and techniques that enhance the efficiency of this process and facilitate the delivery of information to the individual. Further directions for deepening the narrative approach are proposed, both in the theoretical domain and in practical application.
- Keywords:
- information, method, psychology, mass communication, social psychology, methodology, advertising, stereotype, attitude, techniques, Lasswell, communications, story, consciousness, narrative, mindfulness, Narrative approaches, narrative coaching, narrative psychology, post-nonclassical rationality, social constructivism, psychology theory, persuasion, mental image, image influence, social programming, analytical psychology, life script, authority, Lippmann, Gergen, Jung, McAdams, Dilts, Bruner, mindfulness practices, CBT (cognitive-behavioral therapy), personal myth
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Changes in the strategies of teachers' coping behavior after learning coaching technology
ProceedingCoaching psychology: methodology, theory, practice- Authors:
- Olga D. Vilkovskaia, Taisiia D. Naumova
- Work direction:
- Отраслевой коучинг: коучинг в медицине, бизнесе, спорте, образовании, адвокатуре и юридической практике и др. (evidence-based подход)
- Abstract:
- The article examines how teaching teachers coaching technologies affects changes in their coping strategies. The study was conducted using Richard Lazarus ' "Methods of Coping Behavior, WCQ" methodology, which was applied twice-before the start of the training program and after its completion. Comparison of the results showed a positive trend: the severity of destructive forms of stress response decreased, and more adaptive development strategies were strengthened. Based on these data, the authors conclude that coaching technology training can be a useful tool for supporting the emotional state of teachers and improving the effectiveness of their work in the educational environment.
- Keywords:
- psychology, communication, pedagogy, inclusion, coaching, coping-strategies
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Psychological effects of teacher coaching training.
Proceeding
Coaching and mentoring: theory and practice- Authors:
- Olga V. Rybina, Olga D. Vilkovskaia, Taisiia D. Naumova
- Work direction:
- Modern socio-psychological aspects of risk in the educational environment
- Abstract:
- The paper presents the findings of a study on communication effectiveness indicators and teacher burnout levels before and after coaching training. Within the scope of this research, the efficacy of communication, self-confidence, level of subjective control, and degree of burnout were assessed before and after coach technology training for educators. The data revealed a decrease in emotional exhaustion and an improvement in communication efficiency. This article underscores the potential of coaching training in enhancing the effectiveness of educational processes and promoting the well-being of educators.
- Keywords:
- psychology, communication, burnout, pedagogy, inclusion, coaching, coaching technology, locus of control
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THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL QUALITIES OF A LEADER ON MAKING EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT DECISIONS
Proceeding
Strategies of Sustainable Development: Social, Law and External-economic Aspects- Author:
- Olga M. Ermolaeva
- Work direction:
- Вопросы социально-экономической эффективности предприятий
- Abstract:
- The article is a theoretical review of the influence of personal qualities on management decisions and can serve as a basis for further empirical research in this area. The paper analyzes the key personal characteristics that affect the quality and effectiveness of management decisions, and also examines the mechanisms of interaction between personal qualities and the effectiveness of management activities.
- Keywords:
- motivation, creativity, efficiency, communication, responsibility, personal qualities, leadership, manager, managerial decision, strategic thinking
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Samoprediavlenie podrostkov s raznoi napravlennost'iu v obshchenii
Book Chapter
Pedagogy and Psychology as Sciences for the Formation of the Potential of Modern Society- Author:
- Elena V. Akhmadeeva
- Work direction:
- Глава 13
- Abstract:
- The study is designed to identify the relationship between self-presentation strategies and personality orientation in communication in adolescence. Self-presentation is understood as the totality of all human actions aimed at creating a certain image in the eyes of the audience, which can be either an individual or a group of people. Сommunication styles that are equally common in various situations of interpersonal interaction determine the personality orientation in communication. It has been established that self-presentation of adolescents is aimed at demonstrating personal achievements and the desire to make a favorable impression on a friend, class teacher (teacher), and classmates. When presenting themselves, adolescents with an authoritarian communication style use the «Desire to please» strategy; students with a manipulative communication style do not use the «Exemplary behavior» strategy; boys and girls with a dialogical orientation in communication have the «Tracking the impression made» strategy; schoolchildren who prefer the «Intimidation» strategy are focused primarily on the manipulative style of communication. The images of self-presentation identified in the work can serve as a basis for compiling training courses and educational programs on effective self-presentation in significant situations of interaction in the age group under study.
- Keywords:
- personality, adolescence, self-presentation, self-delivery, communication orientation
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Communicative competence in the context of digitalization of education: concept, components, goal setting
Proceeding
Education, innovation, research as a resource for community development- Author:
- Mikhail V. Brazhnik
- Work direction:
- Методический инструментарий поддержки и развития педагога
- Abstract:
- The article presents the author's view on the relevance and feasibility of developing communicative competence of participants in the educational process in the era of digitalization of the education system. At the same time, based on the study and analysis of existing interpretations of the concepts of "communication" and "competence", an interpretation of the category of "communicative competence" is proposed within the framework of communications, communities and connections existing in digital education. Based on the content of the formulated definition of the category of "communicative competence", an attempt is made to form a set of the main components or elements of this category. Without denying that achieving communicative competence by all participants in the educational process is currently an objective necessity, both the tools and mechanisms used to develop communicative competence and the technologies implemented in the Moodle LMS and the Yurait OP are presented.
- Keywords:
- communicative competence, knowledge, skills, abilities, digital education, generation, communications, communities, connections, elements, updating, teaching goals, participants in the educational process, LMS "Moodle", OP "Urait"
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Исследование специфики и коррекция психологической готовности студентов с умственной отсталостью к самостоятельной жизни
Proceeding
Education, innovation, research as a resource for community development- Authors:
- Diana V. Riazantseva, Ellada V. Shelispanskaia
- Work direction:
- Инклюзивное образование как ресурс создания толерантной среды
- Abstract:
- The issues of psychological readiness for independent living turn out to be extremely relevant for students with mental retardation, who face many difficulties due to their developmental characteristics, as well as the conditions they find themselves in when starting an independent life in a dormitory. In this regard, the article presents the results of the analysis and generalization of the authors' works on the problem of psychological readiness for independent living among students with mental retardation.
- Keywords:
- professional orientation, self-esteem, value orientations, mental retardation, independence, interpersonal communication, psychological readiness for independent living
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The influence of family relationships on the interpersonal interaction of high school students
Proceeding
Socio-Cultural and Psychological Problems of the Modern Family: Current Issues of Assistance and Support- Author:
- Iuliia A. Bush
- Work direction:
- Актуальные вопросы сопровождения и поддержки современной семьи
- Abstract:
- This article examines the influence of family relationships on the formation of interpersonal interaction among high school students. The article analyzes how different types of family structures and the dynamics of family interactions affect the social behavior of high school students, their emotional state and the ability to build relationships with peers. The article emphasizes the importance of supporting healthy family relationships for the development of social skills in high school students, which contributes to improving interpersonal interaction with the outside world.
- Keywords:
- family, parenting, parenting style, interpersonal communication, high school students
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Analiz osobennostei primeneniia pedagogicheskikh tekhnologii v raznykh obrazovatel'nykh sistemakh
Proceeding
Pedagogical readings dedicated to the memory of Professor V.P. Manukhin in honor of the 30th anniversary of the Moscow University of Humanities and Economics- Authors:
- Olesia V. Tereshchenko, Evelina G. Kesian, Anastasiia D. Kalchevskaia
- Work direction:
- Современные технологии педагогики и образования
- Abstract:
- The article presents an analysis of the use of pedagogical technologies in various educational systems. Traditional and modern approaches are studied, as well as their impact on the quality of education and student development. Particular attention is paid to the factors of successful integration of technologies, including cultural and social contexts. A comparative analysis of methods in different countries reveals trends that promote individualization of learning and active involvement of students.
- Keywords:
- information and communication technologies, pedagogical technologies, digitalization, educational systems, project-based learning, historical education
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Pedagogicheskie usloviia primeneniia informatsionno-kommunikatsionnykh tekhnologii dlia povysheniia kachestva obrazovaniia studentov vuza
Book Chapter
Questions of Education and Psychology- Authors:
- Buazhar A. Bekmurzaeva, Talaibek A. Orunbaev, Meergul Zhaloobek kyzy
- Work direction:
- Глава 4
- Abstract:
- The chapter examines the pedagogical conditions for the use of information communication technologies (ICT) to improve the quality of education for students in universities. The influence of ICT on the educational process is analyzed, key aspects that contribute to the effective implementation of technologies in educational practice are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to methodological approaches, the formation of students' competencies and the development of interactive educational materials. The main advantages of using ICT in educational activities are also described.
- Keywords:
- information and communication technologies, education, educational process, students
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Rezul'taty pedagogicheskoi podderzhki professional'no-trudovoi sotsializatsii lichnosti v period obucheniia v obrazovatel'nykh organizatsiiakh
Book Chapter
Questions of Education and Psychology- Author:
- Alla G. Krasnopiorova
- Work direction:
- Глава 12
- Abstract:
- This topic is relevant, due to the consideration of the problems of professional socialization in the scientific pedagogical literature separately, in this study the author considers them integrated and in general. Research problem: what are the essence and functions of pedagogical support for vocational and labour socialization of pupils of an educational organization on the example of students of a technical college, what are the content of the system of pedagogical support and the conditions for the effective organization of the provided pedagogical support? Research methods: theoretical: literature analysis, data synthesis; empirical: conversation, testing. The reliability of the research results is due to the choice of research methods and experimental base adequate to the tasks set, the careful development and justification of experimental designs, the representativeness of the experimental sample, the variety of collected experimental facts, and their number. The experiment showed the high efficiency of applying the personal-situational approach in the educational process with the developed process of vocational and labour socialization of students. The results of the experiment allow us to conclude that it is advisable to organize this process in educational organizations.
- Keywords:
- moral education, professional labour socialization, civil education, personal, labour, social qualities, pupil’s socialization, the ability for intercultural communication, a level of communicative competence
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Student partnership project as an effective method of adaptation of foreign students in the Russian cultural and linguistic environment
Research Article
Development of education Volume 7 No 4- Author:
- Irina V. Pavlova
- Work direction:
- Pedagogy and Modern Education
- Abstract:
- This study examines the potential and significance of the partnership project method in facilitating the adaptation of international students, as well as the development of their external connections and social environment within the context of Russian society. The paper presents a student partnership project organized by the Department of Russian as a Foreign Language at Perm State Medical University and the Department of Foreign Languages at HSE University Perm. The project is executed through practice-oriented inter-university collaboration. Its objectives address interconnected challenges: firstly, the Indian student community in Perm remains isolated and inadequately integrated into the city's cultural and linguistic milieu. Secondly, residents of Perm and students at local universities have limited understanding of the living and educational experiences of the substantial number of international students residing in the city. The significance of the inter-university project lies in providing Perm and Indian students with opportunities to engage with one another, exchange cultural knowledge, establish both friendly and professional communication, and collaborate on the creation of a joint creative product. This initiative fosters interethnic dialogue and enhances the communication skills and intercultural competence of future professionals.
- Keywords:
- intercultural communication, project activities, partnership, adaptation of foreign students
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Development of motivation for research activities in adolescents in group work
Research Article
Development of education Volume 7 No 4- Authors:
- Elena V. Dekina, Kseniya S. Shalaginova
- Work direction:
- Psychology in Education
- Abstract:
- The work is devoted to the study of the features of development of motivation for research activities in adolescents in club work. Within the framework of research activities, not only the acquisition and comprehension of new knowledge occurs, but also its application in solving practical problems. Currently, there is a search for forms and content of development of motivation of adolescents for research activities. In the course of the work, theoretical, empirical (author's questionnaire, testing, pedagogical experiment) methods, methods of processing the research results were used. The diagnostic program of the study included 6 methods in order to study the features of motivation of adolescents for research activities. The study involved 6th grade students. The program for developing motivation in adolescents for research activities in club work included different forms of work: student conference, work in microgroups, classes with elements of training, business game, etc. It is noted that the development of motivation for research activities in adolescents in club work will be more successful if the individual and age-psychological characteristics of adolescents (motivation, research activity, openness to new things, etc.), their interests are taken into account; providing an individual approach, creating situations of success, self-affirmation and self-expression. The results of the study, the motivation development program can be used in the work of the psychological service, class teacher, education advisor, head of the scientific circle at school in an institution of additional education.
- Keywords:
- motivation, research activity, teenager, communication, circle
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Developing students' communication skills and group cohesion through psychological play
Book Chapter
Modern educational technologies: Pedagogy and Psychology- Author:
- Rimma A. Kutbiddinova
- Work direction:
- Глава 6
- Abstract:
- The chapter presents the basic concepts of «communicative abilities» and «group cohesion», describes the options for the development of these categories in adolescence and adolescence, and also presents options for psychological play for use with different groups of the population. This work will be useful for teachers and psychologists in order to help strengthen communication skills and unity in a group among schoolchildren and students through psychological game techniques.
- Keywords:
- communication skills, psychological play, group cohesion, adolescence and adolescence
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Communicative Business Game as One of the Interactive Methods of Teaching A Foreign Language in a Non-Linguistic University
Book Chapter
Modern educational technologies: Pedagogy and Psychology- Author:
- Olga A. Frolova
- Work direction:
- Глава 7
- Abstract:
- The chapter considers methodological approaches to the development of business communication skills of students of a non-linguistic university in a foreign language based on educational speech situations that allow reconstructing the conditions of business intercultural communication that are significant for educational purposes. In the context of interactive, situational and communicative approach, some stages and features of the development of intercultural business communication are specified. The advantage of a communicative task from a methodological point of view as a stimulus for speech activity and a means of managing the student's speech behavior in a specific situation of intercultural business communication are noted. A business game is characterized as the most effective stage of teaching a foreign language in the field of intercultural business communication; recommendations are given for the use of business games in the educational process of a non-linguistic university. The conceptual foundations of gaming technologies are described and the methodology of their use within the framework of interactive and communicative approaches is substantiated.
- Keywords:
- pedagogical conditions, foreign language, intercultural communication, role play, interactive learning, gaming methods, communication task
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The specifics of the PR communications organization for the Russian brand in the CIS market
Proceeding
Socio-Economic Processes of Modern Society- Authors:
- Sofia O. Zykova, Nikolai V. Usov
- Work direction:
- Вопросы социально-экономической эффективности предприятий
- Abstract:
- PR-коммуникации, продвижение, страны СНГ, международный рынок, позиционирование, медиарынок, СМИ, локальный партнер, локализация, международная коммуникация.
- Keywords:
- positioning, localization, mass media, promotion, PR communications, CIS countries, international market, media market, local partner, international communication
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NFLUENCE OF LIFE CONDITIONS AND FAMILY EDUCATION STYLE ON COMMUNICATION OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH PEERS
Proceeding
Psychology of Personal Interaction in Modern Society- Authors:
- Tatiana V. Bashkireva, Polina M. In'kova
- Work direction:
- Факторы риска и благополучия развития личности в современной семье
- Abstract:
- The article examines the problem of the influence of living conditions and upbringing of preschool children on their communication with peers. The age-related features of communication between preschoolers and peers are named. The results of diagnostics of preschool children aged 5-6 years are presented using the methods of L. Karman “Family Drawing”, “Mittens”, developed by G.A. Uruntaeva together with Yu.A. Afonkin and surveys of parents.
- Keywords:
- preschoolers, communication, peers, conditions and style of family education
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The role of coaching in the system of secondary vocational education and in interaction with the employer
Proceeding
Coaching and mentoring: theory and practice- Author:
- Mariia G. Koval'skaia
- Work direction:
- Conditions of the pre-school educational environment that create and ensure the safety of pupils
- Abstract:
- The role of secondary vocational education is relevant in modern Russia: more and more students are enrolled in colleges, new areas of training are emerging. The training is mainly applied in nature, because more than 60 percent of the study time is occupied by practical classes, which are conducted under the guidance of experienced mentors. Coaching as a technology is focused on the individual and can provide an opportunity at an early stage to determine the direction of development and make the right choice of profession. As a result, an employer can get a highly qualified and motivated employee.
- Keywords:
- career guidance, professional competence, technology, coaching, employer, effective communication
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Nravstvennost' kak osnova povedeniia advokata v professional'noi srede
Proceeding
Topical issues of law, economic and management- Authors:
- Natalia A. Zyzina, Elizaveta A. Kuklina, Valeriia D. Semenkina, Svetlana V. Lukashevich, Nataliia S. Boiko
- Work direction:
- Актуальные вопросы юриспруденции
- Abstract:
- In the article, an attempt is made to reveal the basics of the professional activities of defense lawyers, because it requires maximum adherence to moral standards, principles of independence, objectivity, honesty and respect. A defense lawyer must strive to ensure justice and protect the rights of his client, without violating the rights and interests of other parties. In addition to the above, each lawyer exchanges information with his colleagues. The legal community is based on the principles of respect, mutual assistance, and adherence to professional standards. Violation of these norms leads to conflicts or loss of reputation among colleagues.
- Keywords:
- lawyer, professional standards, digital technology, social media, Global and communication tools, ethical aspects, The online space, Electronic correspondence, confidentiality
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Vospitanie semeinykh tsennostei v sovremennoi shkole
Book Chapter
Pedagogy and Psychology of Modern Education- Author:
- Svetlana B. Barashkina
- Work direction:
- Глава 6
- Abstract:
- In this chapter, the author pays special attention to the issues of education of family traditions among younger schoolchildren in a modern school. The discrepancy between the concept of “family values” to modern society and the age of students is considered as a problem. As a solution to this problem, the chapter suggests a selection of forms of work with children and parents, selects indicators that determine family values and correspond to the age of children. The author's judgments are based on the views of scientists who will be of interest to the pedagogical community.
- Keywords:
- family education, trust, family values, value space, prefigurative type of culture, parenthood, mutual assistance, active forms, intra-family communication, family year
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Metacognitive Strategies in Text-Based Activities (for legal texts)
Research Article
Development of education Volume 7 No 1- Authors:
- Veronika V. Makhova, Oksana N. Zanina
- Work direction:
- Pedagogy and Modern Education
- Abstract:
- Globalization on the one hand and border closure on the other hand spur communication process participants in all areas of human activities and especially young researchers into foreign language learning which is currently focused on foreign professionally-oriented texts. Traditional methods of teaching a foreign language based on grammatical approach are not effective in solving the problem of language competence development when working with professionally-oriented texts. The objective of this work is to assess the effectiveness of the method of legal texts concept analysis using a technique of metacognitive strategies in reading activity. Several groups of law students, Southwest State University (Kursk, Russia) took part in the experiment based on the above-mentioned method. Students performed both conventional (skimming, key words finding) and specially developed tasks (constructing a text compositional structure model, plotting a text graphical representation, etc.). Original criteria were used to evaluate the performance. The experiment showed a persistent significant difference in learning indicators and students’ behaviour in the control and experimental groups. The technique contributed to the development and enhancement of students’ skills improving their foreign language competence. The obtained skills facilitated communication and contributed to students’ satisfaction with the learning process, increased their creative and professional potential, students’ sustainable intrinsic motivation.
- Keywords:
- foreign language competence, professional communication, legal texts, metacognitive strategies, text concept analysis
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Cross-cultural Competence as an Element of Professional Training of Foreign Language Specialists
Research Article
Development of education Volume 7 No 1- Authors:
- Sergei N. Samozhenov, Irina V. Matveeva
- Work direction:
- Pedagogy and Modern Education
- Abstract:
- This scientific article focuses on cross-cultural competence in education, highlighting the interdependent relationship between language proficiency and intercultural understanding. The authors synthesize theoretical foundations and pedagogical techniques to reveal the multifaceted aspects of integrating cross-cultural nuances into language education. The study presents cross-cultural competence as an essential element of effective communication in a globalised world, rather than a secondary skill. The authors use a holistic approach to examine the complexities of pedagogical strategies that aim to develop cross-cultural communicative competence. These concepts involve the use of innovative technologies and multimedia resources to overcome traditional educational frameworks and model authentic cross-cultural encounters. The article examines the challenges associated with developing flexible competences. The intangible nature of cultural norms and the diversity of students' biographies complicate the process of building soft skills. The article concludes by offering recommendations for improving cross-cultural education and outlining promising trajectories for future research. This study contributes to the debate on the proposed interdisciplinary approach to building cross-cultural competence, combined with the integration of new technologies, which heralds a new era in pedagogy.
- Keywords:
- intercultural communication, specialists, professional training, intercultural competence, foreign languages, cross-cultural competence
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Professionally oriented intercultural communication of Chinese students in Russian
Review Article
Ethnic Culture Volume 6 No 1- Authors:
- Shanzhi Zhang, Ludmila P. Muhammad, Victoria R. Potemkina
- Work direction:
- Ethno-Cultural Problems of Education
- Abstract:
- The article is devoted to the study of the ethnocultural component of the educational process of Chinese philology students. The purpose of the study is to build a professionally oriented model for preparing foreign students for intercultural communication in Russian. The research material consisted of video and audio recordings of educational work in Russian in the conditions of Russian preparatory faculties. Research methods – analysis of theoretical models presented in modern literature on teaching the Russian language in Chinese audiences; generalization of one’s own practical experience; modeling the educational process with the inclusion of an ethnocultural component in the model. As a result of the study, the authors come to the following conclusions: as an optimal methodological basis, one should choose a variable model of personal-activity learning, based on anthropological, communicative and cognitive principles in a complex, which will allow to include in training, on the one hand, ethnocultural component, on the other hand, will not disrupt the processes of comprehensive learning and the formation of a linguistic personality as an integral phenomenon. As an integrative component, the model presents a metatext that is relevant for Chinese philology students, based on the standardized intention «General characteristics of an object». As a result, students, relying on ethnocultural potential and the ability to build communication in Russian, by the end of the first semester master the A2+ level and are ready to work in the second semester to study special philological disciplines directly in Russian.
- Keywords:
- intercultural communication, language personality, Russian as a foreign language, Chinese students, the ethnocultural component, professionalization of the educational process