En
Register Log in

List of publications on a keyword: «psychology»

  • Methodological aspects of the competence-based approach in teaching students in the field of 37.03.01 "Psychology"

    Book Chapter
    Issues of education and psychology
    Author:
    Uliana G. Chavykina
    Work direction:
    Глава 7
    Abstract:
    The study substantiates the specifics of the application of socio-cultural technologies in relation to the search for effective ways to form competencies in the course of training students in the bachelor's program 37.03.01 «Psychology» with the profile «Psychological Counseling and Mediation." The application of competencies forms a competence-based approach that contributes to the development of professionally important qualities such as independence, creativity, and communication skills in students. The author proposes an educational model for the application of socio-cultural technologies in the training of students in the bachelor's program 37.03.01 «Psychology» based on the principles and norms of the competence-based approach.
    Keywords:
    educational process, competence, psychology, competence-based approach, social and humanitarian focus
    Go 

  • Emotional Intelligence and Assertiveness: Aspects of the Relationship in Helping Professions Students

    Research Article
    Development of education Volume 8 No 3
    Authors:
    Nadezhda V. Gorshenina, Svetlana A. Solovyova
    Work direction:
    Psychology in Education
    Abstract:
    In the contemporary world, characterized by high uncertainty and increasing demands on specialists, especially in helping professions, the development of key personal competencies becomes critically important. The aim of this study was to investigate the interrelationship between emotional intelligence and assertiveness in students preparing for helping professions. The study involved 100 students (aged 17–18) studying psychology and pedagogy. Emotional intelligence was assessed using methods by D. V. Lyusin, M. A. Manoylova, and N. Shutte. The level of assertiveness was measured using the V. P. Sheinov questionnaire. Statistical data processing was performed using Pearson's correlation analysis. The results revealed statistically significant positive correlations between all studied indicators of emotional intelligence and the level of assertiveness. The strongest relationships were found between assertiveness and intrapersonal and interpersonal emotional intelligence (Lyusin's method), the integral emotional intelligence indicator and the ability to manage one's own feelings (Manoylova's method), and the overall emotional intelligence score (Shutte's method). The data confirms the hypothesis of a close interrelationship between these constructs and emphasizes the need for targeted development of emotional intelligence and assertiveness during the professional training of future helping professionals. This will contribute to enhancing their professional effectiveness.
    Keywords:
    psychology, students, emotional intelligence, pedagogy, professional development, assertiveness, helping professions, interrelationship, correlation analysis
    Go 

  • The psychological foundations of interactive learning in higher education: an empirical study

    Book Chapter
    Current issues of pedagogy and psychology
    Authors:
    Svetlana E. Orekhova, Oksana A. Sivak, Aleksandra V. Shevtsova
    Work direction:
    Глава 5
    Abstract:
    Modern interactive education in higher education is an innovative approach that combines teaching and learning through the active participation of all those involved in the educational process. The study analyzes the psychological background of this method and its impact on the effectiveness of students' learning. The article examines the relationship between the use of interactive methods and academic achievements, the level of student satisfaction with the learning process in higher education institutions. The study was based on data collected through a voluntary anonymous online survey among students at the bachelor's and Master's degrees in humanities, which provided a comprehensive understanding of the perception of the interactive educational process at the university. The Yandex Forms platform was used to conduct the survey, which made it possible to provide convenience and ease of access for participants. The research methodology included a questionnaire designed to study various aspects of the use of interactive teaching methods in higher education institutions.
    Keywords:
    teacher, psychology, student, interactive learning, interactionism, case methods
    Go 

  • Psychology in Search of Metaphysical Synthesis: from horizontal fragmentation of Approaches to vertical integration

    Book Chapter
    Current issues of pedagogy and psychology
    Author:
    Svetlana A. Pavlenko
    Work direction:
    Глава 23
    Abstract:
    The chapter presents a detailed analysis of the methodological crisis of modern psychology, characterized by «horizontal fragmentation» and the loss of the integral subject of research. As a way out of the crisis, a paradigmatic shift is proposed: the transition from the study of individual mental functions to the study of consciousness as a multi-level phenomenon. superior to the conventional categories of «norm» and «pathology». Psyche is defined as a holographic system that includes biophysical, phenomenological and transpersonal levels. To provide methodological support for the new paradigm, a synthesis of Husserl's phenomenology, quantum theories of consciousness, and contemporary practices is proposed. The chapter is aimed at forming a comprehensive, scientifically and philosophically grounded view of the future of psychology as a science
    Keywords:
    methodological crisis of psychology, phenomenology, Husserl, epoch, intentionality, vertical integration, reference state, transpersonal psychology, quantum psychology, neurophenomenology, eight-circuit model of consciousness, chakra system, ontology of consciousness
    Go 

  • The phenomenon of "twin flames": a psychological analysis of true and false forms of communication

    Book Chapter
    Current issues of pedagogy and psychology
    Author:
    Svetlana A. Pavlenko
    Work direction:
    Глава 25
    Abstract:
    The chapter presents a comprehensive psychological analysis of the «twin flames» phenomenon, which has become widespread in popular culture. The study aims to demystify this concept and translate it from an esoteric plane into scientific discourse. Based on a synthesis of attachment theory (J. Bowlby), analytical psychology (C. G. Jung), and the concept of limerence (D. Tennov), a model for differentiating between «true» and «false» forms of connection is proposed. The «false twin flame» is viewed not as a mistaken choice, but as a necessary catalyst that activates unresolved traumas and shadow aspects of the personality. The «true» connection, in turn, is interpreted as the result of successful psychological integration and the formation of a mature attachment. The chapter substantiates a three-center model of therapeutic work (somatic, emotional, and cognitive levels) for transforming destructive patterns activated in such relationships. The research opens up prospects for developing valid therapeutic strategies to help individuals experiencing intense and crisis-ridden interpersonal connections described in terms of «twin flames».
    Keywords:
    psychological trauma, projection, self-awareness, twin flames, existential crisis, relationship psychology, attachment theory, limerence, shadow integration, false twin flame
    Go 

  • Social and psychological foundations of the autonomy of political consciousness

    Proceeding
    Pedagogy, Psychology, Society: from theory to practice
    Authors:
    Aleksandr D. Pokhilko, Andrei A. Danilov
    Work direction:
    Образование и право
    Abstract:
    Рассматривается проблема относительной самостоятельности и автономности политического сознания на уровне психологических предпосылок (оснований) независимости политического сознания от общественного бытия. Общественная психология тесно смыкается с идеологией как семиотическим фактом, что позволяет манипулировать сознанием и поведением индивидов. Новизна состоит в том, что авторами выявлены основания автономности политического сознания в качестве кодов власти, выраженных в социальных действиях и речевых актах взаимодействия неравных по своей социальной силе (статусу) индивидов
    Keywords:
    language, psychology, politics, ideology, autonomy, consciousness
    Go 

  • The ability to diagnose an employee's distress and anxiety is in the competence of an organization psychologist

    Proceeding
    Pedagogy, Psychology, Society: from theory to practice
    Authors:
    Elena V. Zvonova, Viktoriia N. Kopyt, Angelina S. Ulianovskaia, Elizaveta A. Chernysheva
    Work direction:
    Общая психология, психология личности, история психологии
    Abstract:
    The preparation of future psychologists for the diagnosis of distress and anxiety among employees of an organization requires the search for effective methods and forms of organizing practical classes. The purpose of the training is to develop methods of obtaining, decoding skills and the ability to reflect on external, behavioral manifestations of the internal state of the subject. Practical classes in art museums can provide such opportunities.
    Keywords:
    psychology, analysis, anxiety, diagnosis, works of art, distress
    Go 

  • Psychological counseling for depression: goals, methods and approaches

    Proceeding
    The Topical Issues of the Humanities and Social Sciences
    Authors:
    Tatiana I. Bolshakova, Natalia V. Dolgova
    Work direction:
    Социальные процессы и образование
    Abstract:
    In the modern world, the prevalence of depressive disorders is increasing. Depression significantly reduces a person's quality of life. Psychological counseling for people with depression is aimed at reducing the symptoms of depression, including masked ones, manifested, for example, in the form of pain and somatic disorders. Each client is different, as are the causes that led to depression. There are several areas in psychology that offer their own methods and approaches to providing psychological assistance to people with depression.
    Keywords:
    psychology, depression, counseling
    Go 

  • TRANSFORMATION OF PSYCHOLOGY: CHALLENGES OF ESOTERICISM, LEGISLATION AND NEUROSCIENCE

    Proceeding
    The Topical Issues of the Humanities and Social Sciences
    Author:
    Svetlana A. Pavlenko
    Work direction:
    Социальные процессы и образование
    Abstract:
    The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the systemic crisis of psychology as a science, aggravated by new legislative initiatives, fragmentation of the professional community, as well as the growing influence and popularity of esoteric practices among the population. The author substantiates the need to shift the focus from prohibitive and restrictive measures to the strategy of integrating modern achievements of neuroscience, historical and scientific deconstruction of esoteric teachings and comprehensive reform educational standards. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of a person and his self-consciousness as the central subject of psychological science, as well as to the issues of the specialist's responsibility for the worldview and personal integrity of the client. An approach to the demystification of esotericism with the help of education and the formation of an evidence base is proposed, and the question of the need to form psychotypic therapy as the most e
    Keywords:
    integration, education, psychology, crisis, legislation, identity, neuroscience, esotericism, psychotype
    Go 

  • Maria Montessori's psychological and pedagogical concept

    Book Chapter
    Psychological and pedagogical issues of modern education
    Author:
    Aleksandr I. Kugai
    Work direction:
    Глава 9
    Abstract:
    The chapter reveals the main provisions of the psychological and pedagogical concept of the world-famous teacher Maria Montessori. The core of her method was feelings. Therefore, she criticized traditional educational practice for starting with ideas and intellect. «Often a scientist who has grasped an idea encounters great difficulties in doing the work we give him, because we have omitted from his education a factor of primary importance, namely, the cultivation of feelings." The mental development of a child occurs spontaneously. Education is not something that a teacher gives. It is a natural and spontaneous process carried out by the child himself. The essence of the Montessori method is what is now called innovative education – the creation of an environment in which children could learn and grow independently of adults, be free to do things on their own and learn at their own pace. In a Montessori classroom, the learning process is controlled not by the interpersonal relationship between a teacher and a child, but by didactic materials. Each element of this equipment was assessed on a pragmatic basis: does the child's competence grow from contact with the material. No tricks were used to attract the child's attention. The didactic materials were designed to be initially interesting and in such a way that the child could correct himself without the help of the teacher.
    Keywords:
    education, teacher, student, child, pedagogy, Maria Montessori, cognitive psychology, feelings
    Go 

  • Coaching Psychology as a field of academic and applied psychology: methodological problems and research prospects

    Proceeding
    Coaching psychology: methodology, theory, practice
    Author:
    Natalia V. Antonova
    Work direction:
    The essence of psychological security of the individual
    Abstract:
    The article analyzes the development and methodological foundations of "Coaching Psychology" - a branch of academic and applied psychology that studies the psychological mechanisms of coaching as a support practice. The need for evidence-based coaching research is substantiated, the levels of evidence and the state of coaching research in Russia are considered. A classification of theoretical approaches to coaching within the framework of Coaching Psychology is provided. The prospects for research within the framework of Coaching Psychology and problems specific to Russia that hinder the development of scientifically based coaching in Russia are analyzed. A conclusion is made about the need to consolidate coaches to conduct evidence-based coaching research.
    Keywords:
    levels of evidence, coaching psychology, support practice, evidence-based approach, theoretical approaches, research prospects
    Go 

  • Narrative Approaches in Psychology and Coaching: Methodology and Theory

    Proceeding
    Coaching psychology: methodology, theory, practice
    Author:
    Kirill V. Kaulin
    Work direction:
    Psychological security in the digital environment of an educational institution
    Abstract:
    The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of the narrative approach in psychology and coaching. The analysis of the approach is conducted through the lens of how a person perceives and structures information, forms a story, and how their consciousness functions. It explores methods and techniques that enhance the efficiency of this process and facilitate the delivery of information to the individual. Further directions for deepening the narrative approach are proposed, both in the theoretical domain and in practical application.
    Keywords:
    information, method, psychology, mass communication, social psychology, methodology, advertising, stereotype, attitude, techniques, Lasswell, communications, story, consciousness, narrative, mindfulness, Narrative approaches, narrative coaching, narrative psychology, post-nonclassical rationality, social constructivism, psychology theory, persuasion, mental image, image influence, social programming, analytical psychology, life script, authority, Lippmann, Gergen, Jung, McAdams, Dilts, Bruner, mindfulness practices, CBT (cognitive-behavioral therapy), personal myth
    Go 

  • Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Russian-language version of the PRACTICE cognitive-behavioural coaching model

    Proceeding
    Coaching psychology: methodology, theory, practice
    Authors:
    Elena A. Naumtseva, Natalia V. Antonova
    Work direction:
    Security of educational activities during quarantine measures
    Abstract:
    The article presents the results of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the cognitive-behavioral coaching model PRACTICE. To evaluate the effectiveness, a repeated measures design was used. Data processing was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion and the Wilcoxon criterion. Results: coaching sessions conducted according to the PRACTICE model lead to a positive shift in the level of personal effectiveness (z = 137.5, p = 0.023) and the level of self-organization of the coachee (z = 88, p = 0.025). The study is the first evaluation of the effectiveness of the PRACTICE cognitive-behavioral coaching model and creates a basis for further comparative studies in the field of coaching psychology.
    Keywords:
    coaching psychology, cognitive-behavioural coaching, PRACTICE coaching model, coaching effectiveness assessment
    Go 

  • Museum art coaching: experience of museums around the world, study of the effectiveness of use on the example of a group format

    Proceeding
    Coaching psychology: methodology, theory, practice
    Author:
    Olesia E. Revetneva
    Work direction:
    Разработка моделей и оценка эффективности коучинга
    Abstract:
    The article provides an overview of examples of the use of museum art coaching in various museums around the world, and also describes a case of the author's use of museum art coaching in Russia, and presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of this method on the example of group museum art coaching sessions. The article is aimed at specialists in the field of coaching, psychology and art, as well as at a wide audience interested in art as a way of self-knowledge and the experience of using coaching in museums. The article also discusses the prospects for using the method and the potential for further scientific study.
    Keywords:
    psychology, art, art therapy, coaching, art coaching, museum art coaching, art. museums
    Go 

  • ICTA Transformational Coaching and Game Practice in the Development of Personal Self-Awareness: An Integrative Approach

    Proceeding
    Coaching psychology: methodology, theory, practice
    Author:
    Svetlana A. Pavlenko
    Work direction:
    Разработка и опыт применения оригинальных методов и инструментов в коучинге
    Abstract:
    Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the role of transformational coaching in combination with game practice in the formation and development of self-consciousness of the individual. The scientific concept of transformational coaching, its historical roots, key features and methodology are considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the "Self-Consciousness Development System" (SRS) as tools that activate reflection, emotional intelligence and cognitive flexibility. It is proved that the synthesis of coaching and game practices creates conditions for the deep transformation of the personality, overcoming internal barriers and the formation of a stable self-consciousness. The results of the study are based on an interdisciplinary analysis of psychological, pedagogical and philosophical theories. Keywords: transformational coaching, game practice, self-awareness, reflection, personal growth, developmental psychology
    Keywords:
    reflection, game practice, self-awareness, transformational coaching, personal growth, developmental psychology
    Go 

  • Changes in the strategies of teachers' coping behavior after learning coaching technology

    Proceeding
    Coaching psychology: methodology, theory, practice
    Authors:
    Olga D. Vilkovskaia, Taisiia D. Naumova
    Work direction:
    Отраслевой коучинг: коучинг в медицине, бизнесе, спорте, образовании, адвокатуре и юридической практике и др. (evidence-based подход)
    Abstract:
    The article examines how teaching teachers coaching technologies affects changes in their coping strategies. The study was conducted using Richard Lazarus ' "Methods of Coping Behavior, WCQ" methodology, which was applied twice-before the start of the training program and after its completion. Comparison of the results showed a positive trend: the severity of destructive forms of stress response decreased, and more adaptive development strategies were strengthened. Based on these data, the authors conclude that coaching technology training can be a useful tool for supporting the emotional state of teachers and improving the effectiveness of their work in the educational environment.
    Keywords:
    psychology, communication, pedagogy, inclusion, coaching, coping-strategies
    Go 

  • Kouching, osnovannyi na pozitivnoi psikhologii: bystryi literaturnyi obzor

    Proceeding
    Coaching and mentoring: theory and practice
    Author:
    Aleksei I. Ezhikov
    Work direction:
    The essence of psychological security of the individual
    Abstract:
    В статье представлен обзор теоретических основ, ключевых моделей и практического применения коучинга, основанного на позитивной психологии (КПП). На основе систематизации актуальных исследований рассматриваются истоки подхода, основные принципы, инструменты оценки и доказательства эффективности. Особое внимание уделено интеграции результатов современных метаанализов, демонстрирующих эффективность подхода в контексте рабочей среды. Показано, что КПП представляет собой структурированный, научно обоснованный подход к коучингу, направленный на выявление и развитие сильных сторон личности, повышение благополучия и оптимального функционирования. Обсуждаются перспективы дальнейшего развития и интеграции подхода с другими доказательными практиками в коучинге.
    Keywords:
    Go 

  • Evidence-based research on coaching: problems and prospects

    Proceeding
    Coaching and mentoring: theory and practice
    Author:
    Natalia V. Antonova
    Work direction:
    The essence of psychological security of the individual
    Abstract:
    The article analyzes the evidence-based approach in coaching practice, provides signs and levels of evidence, considers various theoretical approaches in coaching and their characteristics. Various methodological approaches to evidence-based research in coaching are analyzed.
    Keywords:
    coaching, Psychology of coaching, evidence-based practice, evidence-based research, levels of evidence
    Go 

  • Psychological effects of teacher coaching training.

    Proceeding
    Coaching and mentoring: theory and practice
    Authors:
    Olga V. Rybina, Olga D. Vilkovskaia, Taisiia D. Naumova
    Work direction:
    Modern socio-psychological aspects of risk in the educational environment
    Abstract:
    The paper presents the findings of a study on communication effectiveness indicators and teacher burnout levels before and after coaching training. Within the scope of this research, the efficacy of communication, self-confidence, level of subjective control, and degree of burnout were assessed before and after coach technology training for educators. The data revealed a decrease in emotional exhaustion and an improvement in communication efficiency. This article underscores the potential of coaching training in enhancing the effectiveness of educational processes and promoting the well-being of educators.
    Keywords:
    psychology, communication, burnout, pedagogy, inclusion, coaching, coaching technology, locus of control
    Go 

  • PREVENTION OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS IN ADOLESCENTS: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS

    Proceeding
    Education, innovation, research as a resource for community development
    Author:
    Ilia S. Fedotov
    Work direction:
    Социальные процессы и образование
    Abstract:
    The article discusses the theoretical foundations and practical approaches to the prevention of addictive behaviors in adolescents. Special attention is paid to the analysis of factors contributing to the formation of addictive behavior, as well as the development of comprehensive prevention programs aimed at the harmonious development of a teenager's personality, strengthening his social skills and increasing the level of psychological stability.
    Keywords:
    educational programs, psychology, adolescents, prevention, emotional stability, social factors, addictive behavior
    Go 

  • The role of the family in the rehabilitation process after addiction

    Proceeding
    Socio-Cultural and Psychological Problems of the Modern Family: Current Issues of Assistance and Support
    Authors:
    Aleksandr A. Koskinen, Olga M. Kiriliuk
    Work direction:
    Семейные перспективы человека в изменяющемся мире
    Abstract:
    Addiction is a complex and multifactorial problem that affects not only those who suffer from it, but also their immediate environment – especially family. During the rehabilitation process, family support can be essential, providing stability, motivation and a safe environment conducive to recovery. This article examines the fundamental role of the family in the rehabilitation of a person after addiction and how the family can contribute to a successful recovery process.
    Keywords:
    psychology, deviant behavior, family relationships, addiction, rehabilitation
    Go 

  • Artificial intelligence and neural networks: a dual risk factor and a resource in ensuring psychological security.

    Proceeding
    Psychologically Safe Educational Environment: Design Problems and Development Prospects
    Authors:
    Inna G. Iglinskaia, Anastasiia V. Petrakova
    Work direction:
    Psychological Support of Students with Special Educational Needs
    Abstract:
    The article examines the dual aspects of the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) and neural networks on human psychological security. On the one hand, AI technologies can serve as a powerful tool for improving mental health by offering personalized solutions and support in crisis situations. On the other hand, their use is also associated with risks such as loss of privacy, manipulation of consciousness and dependence on technology. The influence of algorithms on the formation of public opinion and the emotional state of users is analyzed, as well as the ethical and legal aspects of the introduction of AI in areas related to mental health are considered. In conclusion, the need to develop comprehensive strategies aimed at minimizing risks and maximizing the resources provided by new technologies to ensure psychological security in modern society is emphasized.
    Keywords:
    artificial intelligence, mental health, psychological safety, public opinion, emotional state, algorithms, ethical aspects, confidentiality, technology risks, personalized solutions, mind manipulation, dependence on technology, innovations in psychology, risk minimization strategies
    Go 

  • Integration of diagnostic techniques into a digital environment

    Proceeding
    Psychologically Safe Educational Environment: Design Problems and Development Prospects
    Author:
    David V. Zaitsev
    Work direction:
    Psychological Support of Students with Special Educational Needs
    Abstract:
    The article analyzes the aspects of the introduction of computer diagnostics into the practice of psychological and diagnostic work. The author examines the nuances of adapting psychological techniques to the digital environment, the pros and cons of computerization of diagnostic material and the validity of the results of digital copies of psychological techniques. The result of the work is the conclusion about the independence of digital copies of traditional techniques, the use of which is possible only after the establishment of group norms and other psychometric characteristics.
    Keywords:
    psychology, digitalization, psychological diagnostics, diagnostic techniques, computer diagnostics
    Go 

  • Social Psychological Analysis of Marital Relations in Kyrgyzstan

    Book Chapter
    Modern educational technologies: Pedagogy and Psychology
    Author:
    Rakhat S. Turdubaeva
    Work direction:
    Глава 13
    Abstract:
    The chapter provides a socio-psychological analysis of marital relations in Kyrgyzstan with an emphasis on modern transformations and challenges facing the institution of family in a changing sociocultural context. Factors influencing the stability and dynamics of family relationships are examined, including socio-economic changes, cultural traditions and new social realities. Key aspects are covered, such as changing roles and functions of spouses, the impact of information technology on family interaction, as well as issues of self-determination and individualization in marital relationships. In conclusion, the prospects for the development of the family institution in Kyrgyzstan and the need to adapt traditional values to modern challenges are discussed.
    Keywords:
    social psychology, family, family institution, marital relations, marriage, transformations in the family, cultural traditions
    Go 

  • The first pedologists of the Chuvash Republic and their experience in the study of Chuvash children

    Review Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 6 No 3
    Authors:
    Nataliya Y. Stoyukhina, Daniil V. Mironov
    Work direction:
    Ethno-Cultural Problems of Education
    Abstract:
    The article is devoted to the study of the activities of pedologists of the Chuvash ASSR and aims to analyze the historically first study devoted to the intelligence of Chuvash children. The study is based on the publications of the first pedologists from Chuvashia F. P. Petrov and M. E. Efimov. In accordance with the historical and psychological methods described by V. A. Koltsova, the work uses problematic and source study methods. The study is written in the aspect of the history of pedagogy. A graduate student of the Kazan Oriental Pedagogical Institute, F. P. Petrov with a team of students, for the first time carried out a comprehensive study of the intellectual development of Chuvash children using the Binet-Simon test method, widely known among Soviet pedologists. At first, pedologists took the test method in Russian, then it was translated into the Chuvash language with appropriate text changes in relation to the everyday and speech characteristics of the Chuvash. The result of the study was the book published in Cheboksary, "The experience of studying the intellectual development of Chuvash children using the Binet-Simon method", published in 1928. The book caused serious objections from the head of the pedological office at the Chuvash Scientific Research Institute M. E. Efimov; he believed that the author was biased against Chuvash children and violated the methodological principle of making tests. The correspondence polemic between two Chuvash pedologists about the measurement of children’s intelligence, along with similar cases in the country’s republics, prompted L. S. Vygotsky to call for an understanding of the problems of national pedology, with its leading problem – the measurement of intelligence.
    Keywords:
    history of psychology, pedology, national psychology, intellectual development of the Chuvash child, Binet-Simon test
    Go