List of publications on a keyword: «students»
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Organization of project training in an institution of higher education (on the example of Kemerovo State University)
Research Article
Development of education Volume 7 No 2- Authors:
- Olga Y. Glukhova, Alexander M. Gudov, Svetlana M. Sirik
- Work direction:
- Pedagogy and Modern Education
- Abstract:
- The requirements of federal state educational standards, professional standards and the labor market contribute to the introduction of project-based learning into the educational process of the university. Despite the fact that issues related to project training are actively being investigated, however, a system of interrelated procedures regulating the activities of project participants has not been developed. This paper presents a methodology for the organization and support of project training aimed at the formation of universal and professional competencies of students, including the development and implementation of the project. The article describes ways to assess the level of competence formation. The study examines the specifics of determining all aspects for the creation and implementation of the project. To verify the theoretical and practical provisions of the developed methodology for the organization of project-based education at the university, the formation of professional competencies is evaluated. The verification of the level of formation of professional competencies of the project participants is carried out on the basis of diagnostic sections described in detail on the example of the industrial practice "Research work" of students of the project master's degree in Mathematics 01.04.01, the orientation (profile) of the educational program "Teaching mathematics and computer science".
- Keywords:
- project, project training, students' project activities, methods of organizing project training, method of organizing project activities
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Indicators of adaptation of psychology students to the digital transformation of education during their university studies
Research Article
Development of education Volume 7 No 2- Authors:
- Viktoria V. Usoltseva, Polina S. Shitova
- Work direction:
- Psychology in Education
- Abstract:
- The article is devoted to the study of adaptation of psychology students, their adaptation in accordance with the indicators identified in the process of theoretical analysis, the definition of the concept of adaptation in general and to the digital transformation of education in particular. The study of adaptation indicators of psychology students to the digital transformation of education is relevant, since in the modern world digital technologies play an increasingly significant role in all spheres of life, including education. Digital technologies are a reliable assistant to the psychologist at all stages of the educational process. To study the ability of psychology students at a pedagogical university to adapt in their lives to changing conditions and the process of digital transformation of education, survey and questionnaire methods were used. The level of adaptation was determined using a standardized questionnaire and the author's questionnaire. The paper presents the results of a study of four indicators of general adaptation: neuropsychic stability, communicative ability, moral stability and adaptive ability. Four indicators of adaptation to the digital transformation of education have been identified: interest, readiness to use digital tools, knowledge of digital tools and the ability to use them, ease of learning digital tools. Based on the results obtained, data on the adaptation of psychology students of the Faculty of Psychology and Pedagogy of different courses are presented.
- Keywords:
- adaptation, digitalization, Digital tools, psychology students, digital transformation of education, communicative features, adaptation indicators, neuropsychic stability, moral normativity, adaptive ability
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Tools for developing the life building competence of high students in the educational environment of school
Research Article
Development of education Volume 7 No 2- Author:
- Yulia V. Olkhova
- Work direction:
- Psychology in Education
- Abstract:
- The article presents the life-building competence of high school students as a guideline for building an age-oriented educational environment at a school. The category of life-building competence is introduced within the framework of the existential approach in psychology, designating a high school student as the subject of his own life path, the author of a life strategy, which in a specific life situation is presented as the development and implementation of a life plan. Life-building competence is understood as an integral property of an individual, characterizing the desire and ability to realize one’s potential (knowledge, skills, experience, personal qualities, etc.) for the responsible creation and implementation of life plans. Based on the analysis of the components of competence of various authors, the components of competence and their diagnostics are considered: motivational, cognitive, value-semantic, emotional-volitional, operational, reflexive, proactive. The article provides characteristics of high, medium and low levels of development of life-building competence of high school students and the percentage of subjects with the corresponding level. For each component of competence, the personal qualities that ensure its development are noted, and specific tools used in the educational environment of the school are given.
- Keywords:
- competence, educational environment, mapping, high school students, life-building competence, components of competence, structured diary, concept of "being-in-the-world"
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Measures to develop motivation for schooling in younger students with mental retardation
Conference Paper
Psychological and Pedagogical Support of General, Special and Inclusive Education of Children and Adults- Author:
- Anna B. Tivikova
- Work direction:
- Conditions of the pre-school educational environment that create and ensure the safety of pupils
- Abstract:
- Abstract: among the main tasks of teachers and educational psychologists working with younger schoolchildren with mental retardation, the tasks of developing their motivation to study at school and the formation of educational motives are highlighted. Based on this, this article presents the results of the analysis of the works of the authors who are developing issues of organizing and conducting activities aimed at stimulating and developing motivation for schooling in younger schoolchildren with mental retardation.
- Keywords:
- primary school students, mental retardation, Keywords: motivation for school education
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Formirovanie motivatsii pervoklassnikov k obucheniiu v shkole
Conference Paper
Psychology today: from theory to practice- Authors:
- Alina V. Khmelnitskaia, Natalia G. Ivanova
- Work direction:
- Практическая психология в сфере образования
- Abstract:
- The article analyzes the possibilities of forming the motivation of first-graders to study at school: the relevance of such work and its directions are determined. The program of formation of motivation of first-graders to study at school, tested in practice, is briefly described. The results of the effectiveness of the program are presented.
- Keywords:
- motives for learning, first grade students, correction of motivation of first graders
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Features of motivation of students of the Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports when studying disciplines of the psychological block
Conference Paper
Psychology today: from theory to practice- Authors:
- Iuliia S. Fedotova, Iia A. Semenova
- Work direction:
- Практическая психология в сфере образования
- Abstract:
- The results of a survey of students at the Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports are discussed using a modified methodology for studying the motivational sphere of students by O.S. Grebenyuk. The authors formulate recommendations for the effective organization of training student-athletes in the field of psychology, taking into account the specifics of their future professional activities.
- Keywords:
- soft skills, hard skills, Educational motivation of students, interest in studying disciplines of the psychological cycle, professional development of the individual
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A study of the attitude of students towards unregistered cohabitation and official marriage
Conference Paper
Psychology today: from theory to practice- Authors:
- Daria L. Poleshchuk, Liudmila I. Bochantseva
- Work direction:
- Психология семьи и детско-родительских отношений
- Abstract:
- In this article, the authors consider the concepts of "unregistered cohabitation" and "official marriage" from the perspective of sociology and psychology. The results of the conducted research on the attitude of students aged 18 to 25 years to unregistered cohabitation and official marriage are of interest. Analyzing the results of the survey, the authors identified peculiarities in the views of young people regarding issues of cohabitation and official registration of marriage, the main reasons for cohabitation and marriage, the preferred age of marriage and other aspects. The results show that for students, the factor of love is important when entering into a marriage union, as well as the conditioning of cohabitation by the desire to check the relationship before the official registration of marriage. However, there is a variety of views on the unregistered union and its role in the relationship, as well as different opinions about the optimal age for marriage.
- Keywords:
- youth, students, family, relationships, marriage, love, cohabitation, unregistered cohabitation, official marriage, preferences, views
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Involvement of design students in the design activities of universities
Book Chapter
Pedagogy and Psychology of Modern Education- Authors:
- Varvara A. Pugach, Marina G. Plotnikova
- Work direction:
- Глава 2
- Abstract:
- The chapter discloses interrelationships of a ‘teacher – student – project activity’ system with the construction of the design concept of printed products and well-established graphic advertising images of the established higher school of design. The chapter deals with the issues of students’ practical activity during the preparation of specific printing products. The chapter presents an overview of the experimental planning of the booklet design, which is the basis for collaboration of various professional design areas, including communicative design and costume design. In the course of the research, real experience is presented and the stages of involving design students in project activities are revealed, identifying the peculiarities of presenting information and career guidance material in modern printing products, suggesting methodological recommendations. The chapter explores new aspects of information about the experience of design schools. New methods of collaborative work of ‘teacher – student – project activity’ system are shown in the chapter. The study considers the algorithm of student's work in the project activity of creating a booklet. The research results in defining improved methodological recommendations for the involvement of design students in the project activity of higher education institutions.
- Keywords:
- project activity of design students, booklet, professional culture of future designers, design education
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Theoretical foundations of the formation of the readiness of students of pedagogical classes to choose a teaching profession
Conference Paper
The Development of Modern Education in the Context of Pedagogical Competenciology- Author:
- Anastasiia M. Lykova
- Work direction:
- Современные подходы в обучении и воспитании
- Abstract:
- The article analyzes approaches to determining the readiness of high school students to choose a teaching profession. The author presents the essential characteristics of the concept of "readiness", examines the interpretation of the term "readiness to choose a teacher's profession." In the context of modern specialized education, readiness to choose a teaching profession was interpreted taking into account the individual characteristics, interests, values and capabilities of current high school students.
- Keywords:
- high school students, professional self-determination of students, pre-professional pedagogical training, readiness to choose a teaching profession, specialized psychological and pedagogical classes
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Understanding riddles by third grade students with severe speech impairments
Conference Paper
Socio-Pedagogical Issues of Education and Upbringing- Author:
- Oksana M. Kovalenko
- Work direction:
- Коррекционная педагогика
- Abstract:
- The article describes the difficulties of guessing riddles by students of third grades with severe speech disorders. The presented answers are distributed by puzzles and can serve as the basis for the development of the relevant areas and methods of speech therapy work to expand knowledge and ideas about the surrounding reality in third -class students with severe speech impairments.
- Keywords:
- severe speech disorders (TNR), 3rd grade students, riddles
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Assessment of the subjective well-being of agricultural university undergraduates: gender differences
Conference Paper
Socio-Pedagogical Issues of Education and Upbringing- Authors:
- Evgenii N. Tumashov, Liudmila I. Bochantseva
- Work direction:
- Реализация в образовательном процессе субъектной позиции обучающихся
- Abstract:
- The problem of subjective well-being has recently become an analysis of a wide range of researchers interested in improving the quality of life of an individual and his satisfaction. The article reveals the concept of "subjective well-being", presents an analysis of recent research on this issue. Screening diagnostics "Scale of subjective well-being" made it possible to determine the features of the emotional state, social behavior and some physical symptoms in undergraduate students of the agrarian university. Minor gender differences in the assessment of subjective well-being among students have been established.
- Keywords:
- students, gender differences, subjective well-being, life satisfaction
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Studying the theme of the Great Patriotic War in the literature of the twentieth century by foreign students in Russian universities
Conference Paper
University as a factor of Modernization of Russia: History and Prospects (to the 55th anniversary of the I.N. Ulyanov ChSU)- Author:
- Lena R. Bakirova
- Work direction:
- Новые подходы в изучении истории Великой Отечественной войны
- Abstract:
- The article is devoted to the study of the theme of the Great Patriotic War in the literature of the twentieth century in a foreign audience. Using the example of two classes devoted to the study of the topic, the author of the article examines the main stages of practical classes in literature for foreigners: the introductory part, the introduction of the lexical minimum, working with the text, completing assignments to the text, watching a fragment of a film, the final part.
- Keywords:
- foreign students, literature, prose, poetry, the theme of war, stages of the lesson
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In memory of Mikhail Fedorovich Vishnyakov - participant of the Great Patriotic War
Conference Paper
University as a factor of Modernization of Russia: History and Prospects (to the 55th anniversary of the I.N. Ulyanov ChSU)- Authors:
- Vladimir S. Eshpanov, Kuliash B. Omarova
- Work direction:
- Наследие Великой Победы и преемственность поколений
- Abstract:
- The article highlights the life path of Mikhail Fedorovich Vishnyakov, a participant in the Great Patriotic War. The work is of an informative and educational nature in memory of a person who has passed away, whose activities deserve to be reflected in the memory of the residents of our region. The authors aim to promote the formation of feelings of citizenship and patriotism, respect for the history and culture of their country. The upbringing of the younger generation should be carried out precisely on the example of such heroes as our fellow countryman. His story had a strong impact on the public consciousness of the villagers, especially on the consciousness of young people.
- Keywords:
- historical memory, students, Great Patriotic War, school, veteran
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Managing academic and free time in the process of academic education
Book Chapter
Modern issues of pedagogy and psychology: theoretical and methodological approaches and practical research results- Author:
- Aleksandr I. Kugai
- Work direction:
- Глава 2
- Abstract:
- This chapter presents various ways to effectively manage time in the process of academic learning, given as a premise that it is an abstract resource, which is difficult to manage, although it has a significant impact on student life. In general, a modern person is becoming increasingly busy, feeling a gap between the number of activities he wants to complete and the ability to complete them in a timely, stress-free manner. During the process of academic learning, students face the need to rebuild their way of using time as a resource, as well as other resources associated with it, thus becoming more organized, which has an impact on the results of their activities. In the event of academic environment, as for students participating in the educational process, sources of stress are either at the academical level: people in a group with close relationships, individual teachers, group membership, competition with peers. Also, tense relationships with decision makers, who makes amendments at the level of the system, institution, various events in public life. Regarding sources of stress, they can also be found at the level of the educational activity itself: the nature of tasks, their volume, complexity, deadlines, restrictions, learning conditions, unjustified rules and habits, ambiguity of functions, student’s lack of desire to assign them. The study aims to outline several effective principles of action related to time management that could be useful for both students and educators.
- Keywords:
- education, management, efficiency, students, time
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Developing Spiritual and Moral Values of High School Students in English Lessons
Research Article
Development of education Volume 7 No 1- Authors:
- Natalia A. Fedotova, Galina V. Sorokoumova
- Work direction:
- Pedagogy and Modern Education
- Abstract:
- The article describes an experimental study aimed at developing the spiritual and moral values of high school students in English lessons. It was assumed that the use of debatable teaching methods would contribute to the development of spiritual and moral values of high school students in English lessons. The study included 3 stages: the primary diagnosis of the spiritual and moral sphere of the personality of students of experimental and control groups – M. Rokich's methodology "Diagnosis of value orientations", diagnosis of moral education by M. I. Shilova, methods of studying patriotic education by I.D. Lushnikov, methods "Study of self-esteem of personality" by S. A. Budassi; development, testing and implementation in the educational process in an experimental group of discussion methods of teaching; conducting a control diagnosis of the spiritual and moral sphere of students and analyzing the effectiveness of the proposed exercises. The analysis of the research results showed that the use of debatable teaching methods has a positive impact on the development of spiritual and moral values of high school students in English lessons. Proven and implemented discussion methods in the educational process are important for understanding the development of spiritual and moral values of high school students and can be useful for educational practices.
- Keywords:
- spiritual and moral values, high school students, English lessons, debatable teaching methods
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The Relationship between High School Students' Entrepreneurship Needs and the Frequency of Entrepreneurship Consulting Activities by Teachers in Vietnam
Research Article
Development of education Volume 7 No 1- Authors:
- Trung Hoc Hoang, Thi T. Nguyen
- Work direction:
- Pedagogy and Modern Education
- Abstract:
- Under the impact of Industrial Revolution 4.0, promoting entrepreneurship among students is an important direction to contribute to the economic and social development of Vietnam in the current period. The study was conducted to determine the characteristics of high school students' needs for entrepreneurship, the frequency of entrepreneurial consulting activities of teachers and the relationship between them, like the basic foundation for the effective organization of entrepreneurial consulting activities for high school students. Questionnaire is the main method using in this study. The questionnaire includes 35 items, which were tested for reliability by using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. The research subjects include 3185 Vietnamese high school students. Statistical data is processed by using SPSS version 20.0. Research results show that, the need for entrepreneurship is popular among high school students, but is not yet clear. Entrepreneurial consulting activities are implemented in schools, but the frequency is not high, conducted by teachers in the form of group classes. There is a positive, statistically significant relationship between students' need for entrepreneurship and the frequency of counseling activities for them. The research data is scientific basis for establishing the model of entrepreneurship counseling and building measures to improve the effectiveness of entrepreneurship counseling activities for Vietnamese high school students.
- Keywords:
- entrepreneurship, high school students, Consultation, entrepreneurship consulting, entrepreneurial consulting activities of teachers
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Formation of Critical Thinking among University Students (using the Example of Teaching a Foreign Language)
Research Article
Development of education Volume 7 No 1- Authors:
- Nailya F. Plotnikova, Timur R. Usmanov, Landysh A. Gizyatova
- Work direction:
- Pedagogy and Modern Education
- Abstract:
- The relevance of this study lies in the fact that modern society is putting forward more and more requirements for graduates of higher educational institutions, to have a certain set of professional competencies, critical thinking and teamwork. The purpose of this study is to consider the concept of critical thinking, to identify the stages and levels of formation of critical thinking among students of higher educational institutions. To achieve these goals, the following research methods were used: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature of Russian and foreign scientists on the topic under study. The purposeful introduction of critical thinking elements into the process of teaching students a foreign language contributes to the formation of their critical thinking skills. The authors of the study cite individual fragments of the developed foreign language training sessions aimed at developing critical thinking skills. The conclusions of the study emphasize the main role of teachers, who help students interpret, analyze, evaluate and implement the acquired knowledge in practice. Teaching students a foreign language in line with critical thinking requires university teachers to master language competencies, purposeful, systematic preparation for conducting training sessions aimed at completing tasks related to the formation of students’ critical thinking skills.
- Keywords:
- formation, foreign language, training, students, skills, critical thinking
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Professionally oriented intercultural communication of Chinese students in Russian
Review Article
Ethnic Culture Volume 6 No 1- Authors:
- Shanzhi Zhang, Ludmila P. Muhammad, Victoria R. Potemkina
- Work direction:
- Ethno-Cultural Problems of Education
- Abstract:
- The article is devoted to the study of the ethnocultural component of the educational process of Chinese philology students. The purpose of the study is to build a professionally oriented model for preparing foreign students for intercultural communication in Russian. The research material consisted of video and audio recordings of educational work in Russian in the conditions of Russian preparatory faculties. Research methods – analysis of theoretical models presented in modern literature on teaching the Russian language in Chinese audiences; generalization of one’s own practical experience; modeling the educational process with the inclusion of an ethnocultural component in the model. As a result of the study, the authors come to the following conclusions: as an optimal methodological basis, one should choose a variable model of personal-activity learning, based on anthropological, communicative and cognitive principles in a complex, which will allow to include in training, on the one hand, ethnocultural component, on the other hand, will not disrupt the processes of comprehensive learning and the formation of a linguistic personality as an integral phenomenon. As an integrative component, the model presents a metatext that is relevant for Chinese philology students, based on the standardized intention «General characteristics of an object». As a result, students, relying on ethnocultural potential and the ability to build communication in Russian, by the end of the first semester master the A2+ level and are ready to work in the second semester to study special philological disciplines directly in Russian.
- Keywords:
- intercultural communication, language personality, Russian as a foreign language, Chinese students, the ethnocultural component, professionalization of the educational process
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Using the cinquain method at the lessons of Russian for foreigners at nonlinguistic university
Conference Paper
Pedagogy, Psychology, Society- Author:
- Larisa V. Balakireva
- Work direction:
- Теория и методика обучения и воспитания
- Abstract:
- The article considers modern interactive teaching strategies including cinquain method. This play-based task aims strengthening of cognitive work of foreign students while teaching Russian. The paper describes the rules of cinquain structure and the ways of its using. The author focuses on the forms of work, gives some examples of such a classroom technology.
- Keywords:
- foreign students, cinquain, play-based acting devices, learning process effectiveness, using of acting teachimg strategies
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Psychological training program to support student technological entrepreneurship: “psycho-correctional targets” and the basics of construction
Conference Paper
Technopark of universal pedagogical competencies- Authors:
- Anna N. Zakharova, Aniuta N. Erlygina, Denis V. Gartfelder
- Work direction:
- Развитие психолого-педагогического сопровождения в современном образовании
- Abstract:
- The psychological training program for supporting student technological entrepreneurship in the Russian educational environment of an educational institution of higher education is discussed in the article. Ways to develop entrepreneurial activity are proposed, based on the “psychocorrectional targets” identified by the authors and the psychological problems of beginning entrepreneurs.
- Keywords:
- university students, student technological entrepreneurship, psychological training program, psychocorrectional targets, Russian educational environment
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Pedagogicheskie funktsii volonterskoi deiatel'nosti kak sfery samorealizatsii studencheskoi molodezhi
Book Chapter
Modern educational technologies: psychology and pedagogy- Authors:
- Andrey I. Shutenko, Marina A. Ananeva, Ivan E. Kharchenko
- Work direction:
- Глава 11
- Abstract:
- The chapter presents a complex of formative capacities for volunteer activities for the development of university students. Based on the methodology of a holistic approach to the analysis of the pedagogical process in the sphere of student volunteering, as well as empirical data from a survey of students and experts on volunteering, the authors propose a construct of the pedagogical functions of this sphere within the framework of a three-component structure of functions – developmental, educational and upbringing. The developmental capacities of volunteering are represented by such functions as: identification, referential, integrating, cognitive, orientation, reflective, communicative, empathy, facilitation, catharsis, functions of self-disclosure and self-consciousness. The educational component of volunteering includes the functions of social competence, as well as civil, legal and cultural competence, a team-building function, the functions of project modeling, professional adaptation, professional testing, professional-practical, career and self-education functions. The upbringing influence of volunteering is expressed in such functions as: social-motivating, innovative-initiative, harmonizing, human-istic, labor, value-worldview, spiritual-moral, functions of hardiness, self-organization, self-determination, and self-formation. The study concluded about the leading role of the moral function of volunteering for students’ self-realization. The study concluded about the leading role of the moral function of volunteering for the full-fledged self-realization of students in society. Key words: volunteering, university students, pedagogical functions, productive self-realization, education, students' moral development.
- Keywords:
- education, university students, volunteering, pedagogical functions, productive self-realization, students' moral development
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TEACHING SPECIAL VOCABULARY AND TERMINOLOGY TO FOREIGN MEDICAL STUDENTS
Conference Paper
The Topical Issues of the Humanities and Social Sciences: from Theory to Practice- Author:
- Larisa V. Balakireva
- Work direction:
- Теория и методика обучения и воспитания
- Abstract:
- This article deals with the issues related to the use of special vocabulary and medical terminology in the classes of Russian as a foreign language in a non-language university. Foreign students should be familiar not only with the basic vocabulary of the Russian language, but also with the basic terminology of their specialty, read and understand special literature. It helps to develop speech competencies in the professional field. The author focuses on the gradual introduction of special vocabulary at classes of Russian as a foreign language (RFL).
- Keywords:
- foreign students, interdisciplinary relations, professional activities, language for special purposes, term
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Mesto sistemy obrazovaniia v realizatsii mekhanizmov akkul'turatsii migrantov iz stran Tsentral'noi Azii
Book Chapter
Pedagogy and Psychology of Modern Education- Author:
- Lenar I. Zainullin
- Work direction:
- Глава 4
- Abstract:
- Global migration processes are one of the factors of the growth of cultural diversity in the world, which necessitates the awareness and formation of new paradigms of interaction between different cultures. The promotion of new paradigms of interaction of ethnic groups within the framework of educational processes is possible on the basis of studying and generalizing the existing positive experience. For the Russian Federation, the problem of preserving national culture, in the context of growing migration, is extremely important, since more than 190 different ethnic groups live on its territory. The study of the education system within the framework of acculturation is, in our opinion, of great importance for the successful socio-economic and cultural progress of the whole country and its individual regions.
- Keywords:
- education, students, adaptation, acculturation
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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ПОДГОТОВКИ БУДУЩЕГО УЧИТЕЛЯ НАЧАЛЬНОЙ ШКОЛЫ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И РЕШЕНИЯ
Conference Paper
Socio-Pedagogical Issues of Education and Upbringing- Author:
- Valeriia A. Balasanova
- Work direction:
- Содержание и технологии профессионального образования
- Abstract:
- Annotation. The article shows the relationship between new educational requirements and the content of training of a future elementary school teacher. For the analysis of existing educational programs it is important to pay attention to the goals and objectives of the program, the content of the program, methods and approaches in training, practical component, practical component of future teacher training, evaluation of students' performance and quality of training. In the framework of the competence model of professional training of a future teacher of primary grades, the author in the training of students highlights trainings on inclusive education, communication skills, the program of development of intercultural competence, the program of psychological and emotional support, methods of differentiated training.
- Keywords:
- education, competence, training, students, Key words: teacher, research approach, research training, training program
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Traditional approaches and innovative technologies in teaching students of non-linguistic specialties
Book Chapter
Directions for educational development in the Year of the Teacher and Tutor- Author:
- Olga N. Narykova
- Work direction:
- Глава 7
- Abstract:
- The chapter discusses the main approaches and principles of teaching a foreign language in a non-linguistic university. The author pays special attention to the description of innovative technologies used in teaching students of non-linguistic specialties of the university, justifies their role in improving the quality of professional training of future specialists. The chapter provides an analysis of various organizational forms of work in teaching a foreign language, discusses the features of their use for the development of students' language competence.
- Keywords:
- intercultural communication, students of non-linguistic specialties, cross-cultural competence, university foreign language education, individual-differentiated approach, sociocultural approach