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List of publications on a keyword: «Ural»

  • Social Psychological Analysis of Marital Relations in Kyrgyzstan

    Book Chapter
    Modern educational technologies: Pedagogy and Psychology
    Author:
    Rakhat S. Turdubaeva
    Work direction:
    Глава 13
    Abstract:
    The chapter provides a socio-psychological analysis of marital relations in Kyrgyzstan with an emphasis on modern transformations and challenges facing the institution of family in a changing sociocultural context. Factors influencing the stability and dynamics of family relationships are examined, including socio-economic changes, cultural traditions and new social realities. Key aspects are covered, such as changing roles and functions of spouses, the impact of information technology on family interaction, as well as issues of self-determination and individualization in marital relationships. In conclusion, the prospects for the development of the family institution in Kyrgyzstan and the need to adapt traditional values to modern challenges are discussed.
    Keywords:
    social psychology, family, family institution, marital relations, marriage, transformations in the family, cultural traditions
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  • Psychological support of socio-cultural adaptation of foreign students in the higher education system: results of the design and analytical session

    Review Article
    Development of education Volume 7 No 3
    Authors:
    Svetlana V. Gani, Zulfiya R. Khayrova, Elena Y. Brel
    Work direction:
    Psychology in Education
    Abstract:
    The paper analyzes the experience of psychological support for the socio-cultural adaptation of foreign students at universities of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the work is due to the significant socio-cultural, psychological, and academic difficulties that foreign students face when studying at Russian universities and, in this regard, the need to replicate the successful experience of organizing measures to adapt this target group of students in the higher education system. The results of a monitoring survey of psychological services specialists conducted at the sites of 13 universities participating in the pilot testing of the psychological service model in the higher education system in terms of psychological support for foreign students are presented. The results of the design and analytical session organized by the Federal Resource Center for Psychological Services in the Higher Education System of the Russian Academy of Education are presented in order to further replicate successful practices of psychological support for foreign students at the university. A comprehensive program of measures for psychological support of foreign students at the university is proposed. Conclusions are drawn about the expediency of integrating individual measures to accompany and support foreign students into the overall structure of the psychological service of the university.
    Keywords:
    socio-cultural adaptation, foreign students, psychological service, comprehensive program comprehensive program of socio-cultural adaptation, psychological support of acculturation
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  • National and cultural peculiarities of family formation (on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan)

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 6 No 3
    Author:
    Vera A. Gnevasheva
    Work direction:
    Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology
    Abstract:
    The article considers the classification of Tatar families according to various criteria: composition, number of generations, number of children and other characteristics. The author analyzes the features of each category of families and provides their descriptive characteristics, which allow for a better understanding of the structure of the Tatar family, the national and cultural features of its formation, as well as modern trends in the development of family relations. Particular attention is paid to traditional ideas about the family among the Tatar people. The author also studies the empirical data of a population survey conducted in 2022 by the Center for Family and Demography of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan. The study allows us to draw objective conclusions about the emerging trends in reproductive and family behavior of the population of the republic, channels for transmitting national and cultural characteristics of society, the role of mother and father in matters of national and cultural continuity. At the same time, it seems possible to determine the role of key social agents in the formation and development of the family, its national and cultural formation. The study provides predictive estimates of the features of the further development of the processes of cultural and national identification of society. The article may be useful for sociologists, ethnographers and anyone interested in the culture and traditions of the Tatar people.
    Keywords:
    family, national language, classification, Republic of Tatarstan, national and cultural characteristics, religious characteristics
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  • Forming of ethnocultural competence of students of pedagogical specialties

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 6 No 3
    Author:
    Veronika J. Arestova
    Work direction:
    Ethno-Cultural Problems of Education
    Abstract:
    The increase in global interactions has caused a growth in the exchange of ideas, beliefs, and culture. These phenomena have also affected schools, so it is important to develop intercultural competence in teachers. The study involved students who studied in 2013–2018 at the Faculty of Psychology and Pedagogy of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I. Ya. Yakovlev. The study was conducted in three stages: 1) identifying the levels of the motivational and value component of intercultural competence; 2) organizing and conducting field research by students in order to form the cognitive-activity component of intercultural competence; 3) re-diagnostics of the motivational and value component. The main content of the article reveals the results of field research conducted by students of the pedagogical university under the supervision of the author in Chuvash, Russian, Tatar and Mordvin villages of the Chuvash Republic.
    Keywords:
    ethnocultural education, field research, criteria for ethnocultural education, components of ethnocultural education
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  • Development strategies of procedural law in the sphere of public relations

    Proceeding
    Strategies of Sustainable Development: Social, Law and External-economic Aspects
    Author:
    Eduard E. Isaev
    Work direction:
    Актуальные вопросы юриспруденции
    Abstract:
    The article discusses the goals and objectives, the achievement of which is part of the strategy for sustainable development of the legal process in the modern Russian Federation. The main goal is the protection of the rights and interests of subjects of law, violated by an administrative offense or crime, as well as the observance and protection of the rights of participants in procedural legal relations in the sphere of public law. Speaking about tasks, it is worth remembering that they must be uniform and be resolved through the exercise of procedural powers inherent in the courts.
    Keywords:
    law enforcement, procedural law, legal process, development strategy, administrative process, administrative proceedings, crime prevention
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  • Development of procedural forms of regulation of private law relations: methodological aspects

    Proceeding
    Strategies of Sustainable Development: Social, Law and External-economic Aspects
    Author:
    Eduard E. Isaev
    Work direction:
    Актуальные вопросы юриспруденции
    Abstract:
    The article examines the development of procedural forms of regulation in the field of private legal relations. Protection of the rights and interests of subjects of law, participating in legal proceedings, is one of the main goals of modern procedural legislation of the Russian Federation. At the same time, dynamically developing private law relations require legal science to substantiate new methodological approaches.
    Keywords:
    procedural law, legal process, civil process, principles of legal proceedings, procedural rights, legal interests
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  • Features of using neural network platforms for teaching foreign languages in a non-linguistic university

    Book Chapter
    Theoretical and practical aspects of pedagogy and psychology
    Author:
    Elena G. Liakhova
    Work direction:
    Глава 8
    Abstract:
    This study was conducted to find out the advantages and disadvantages of teaching a foreign language at a non-linguistic university using neural network platforms and to compare such training with traditional teaching of foreign languages. During the research, an analysis of the features of neural networks and learning platforms based on them was carried out. The author of the article conducted experimental training in order to compare the success of mastering lexical and grammatical foreign language material when learning on the Duolingo neural network platform with traditional foreign language teaching. As a result of the study, the author discovered that when learning on neural network platforms, students experience difficulties at the stages of forming and maintaining motivation, presenting new foreign language material, comprehending and rethinking. These difficulties are associated with the risk of cognitive devaluation of students’ memory, the Google effect, the inability of neural networks to structure information, clip thinking, and the lack of comparison of new foreign language phenomena with their analogues in the students’ native language and native culture. At the same time, in the process of experimental training, the author found that vocabulary acquisition occurs more effectively when learning on neural network platforms. In addition, according to the results of the survey, students like to study a foreign language on neural network platforms due to the abundance of game components of such learning. In conclusion, the article provides ways to mitigate and level out the identified shortcomings of learning on neural network platforms, the main of which is the organization of blended learning, in which the teacher forms and maintains student motivation, presents new foreign language material, activates students’ conceptual critical thinking with the help of appropriate exercises, and students perform lexical and grammatical exercises on the neural network platform.
    Keywords:
    Artificial intelligence, clip thinking, teaching a foreign language at a non-linguistic university, neural network learning platforms, cognitive devaluation of students' memory, conceptual thinking
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  • THE DOORWAY TO THE FUTURE IS BEING OPENED TODAY (Education and Geopolitics: Meanings, Challenges, Risks, Threats and Hopes. The Russian Statehood, Society and Education at the Crossroads and Transit Ways of the Modern World). Brief sketches and analytical descriptions.

    Book Chapter
    Doors to the future are opening today: education as a social phenomenon in modern geopolitics: the foundation of Russian education in the era of global change
    Author:
    Gennadii I. Beliaev
    Work direction:
    Авторская монография
    Abstract:
    Upbringing is the basis of educational environment. During the modern information age upbringing as a social phenomenon stands as one of the essential sides of geopolitics, it forms the core of cultural and spiritual tradition and practice of education. Upbringing is as a rule the foundation for the creative attitude to the systems of life-affirmative values, yet it can become a tool for the reframing these systems into something else, sometimes absolutely alien to the spirit and nature of a human, his social and biological essence. Upbringing is much more than adaptive socialization; it is the social and cultural tool for keeping or rebuilding society and social relations. They feed up heroes, defenders, creators but the others feed up cowards, destroyers and parasites. Our world has entered the times of irreversible global changes with non-defined historical perspectives. Author of this book connects the problem schedule of modern education within the context of deep, truly revolution changes in human attitudes to the possibilities and spheres of adaptation of high technology to the high humanitarian strategies and ideas about human anthropology. He also connects these ideas and strategies with the geopolitical crisis of the modern world, global problems and global order where Russia has to not only self-define in the foremost 20-40 years, but also adopt leadership functions to elaborate a new spiritual vision of the moral world order. They should help to overdue its own symptoms and consequences of deep system social crisis and overcome such system threats of the inflicted insane world order, that is possible to lead humankind to the biological dead-ends of anthropogenesis, that is why it is necessary for the citizens to beat these tendencies back. Time has come and the question if our children would be blessed by the enlightened future? Alternatively, there will be no future at all – the solution of this question depends on us.
    Keywords:
    education, science, paradigm, high technologies, upbringing, socialization, geopolitics, geopolitical revolution, digital revolution, social phenomenon, interdisciplinary knowledge, synergetic approach, cognitive revolution, ultraglobalism, world order – monopolar and multipolar, meanings and values, cultural forms and models of social and moral education, traditions and innovations
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  • The Cultural Field Development in a District-Type Municipality

    Book Chapter
    Development of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects
    Authors:
    Marina G. Krutalevich, Galiia G. Aralbaeva, Olga M. Kharkova
    Work direction:
    Глава 8
    Abstract:
    The role of culture in the modern world is of great importance. It is inextricably linked to every sphere of human activity and correlates with political and economic social changes. The chapter describes the cultural field of the Orenburg district of the Orenburg region, presents the results of a SWOT-analysis of the cultural field development, distinguishes the main directions of development of this field.
    Keywords:
    culture, cultural field, development of the cultural field
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  • Ritual functions of clothing in the memorial rites of the Chuvashs

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 6 No 2
    Author:
    Igor G. Petrov
    Work direction:
    Ethnography, Ethnology and Anthropology
    Abstract:
    Clothes perform many functions functions. One of them is the ritual function, according to which it becomes an important tool or object of various magical practices. In this article, using the example of the сhuvashs of the Volga-Ural region, the functions of the deceased’s clothes in the customs and rituals of the memorial cycle are considered. On separate thematic blocks, the role of clothing as a ritual item at large commemorations, at the fortieth day commemoration, as well as at general summer commemorations was investigated. The article is based on published works on the history and ethnography of the chuvashs of the 19th – early 20th centuries, archival sources, as well as field materials of the author collected in different years in the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Republic of Tatarstan. It has been revealed that in the funeral rites, clothes appear and are actively used as a substitute for the deceased, as well as an offering addressed to the deceased on behalf of living relatives. Thanks to these qualities, clothing is one of the important and universal means of communication between the world of the living and the world of the dead. Rites with clothes in memorial rites have been preserved and exist in modern ritual practice. Such stability, on the one hand, is due to the deep archaic and conservative funeral rite as a whole, on the other hand, the comparative stability of this ritual to modern innovations.
    Keywords:
    Volga-Ural region, Chuvashs, funeral and memorial rites, clothing and its ritual functions
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  • Values of procedural law: general legal aspects

    Proceeding
    Relevant issues of the Russian Federation law enforcement's activity
    Author:
    Eduard E. Isaev
    Work direction:
    Актуальные вопросы юриспруденции
    Abstract:
    The article examines general legal aspects of studying the value of procedural law. Attention is focused on the axiological foundations of law in the field of regulation of public legal relations. Historical analysis allows us to talk about the transformation of the value principles of procedural law depending on the specific historical period of development of the state and law.
    Keywords:
    law enforcement, procedural law, Value, goals, axiological approach
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  • Modern approaches to learning a foreign language

    Proceeding
    Relevant problems of modern science and education
    Authors:
    Kirill A. Belitskii, Anna A. Zakharova
    Work direction:
    Современные подходы в образовании
    Abstract:
    This article examines modern approaches to learning a foreign language. From the communicative method to the use of modern technologies, the authors describe in detail the main teaching methods that help students learn a new language more effectively. The article discusses the advantages of each approach, and also emphasizes the importance of choosing the appropriate methodology depending on the individual needs and preferences of students.
    Keywords:
    practice, online platforms, Learning a foreign language, modern approaches, communicative method, technological approach, individualization of learning, native speaker, holistic approach, structural and functional approach, cognitive approach
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  • Assessment of the attractiveness of the region, taking into account its agricultural specialization and ways to improve it

    Book Chapter
    Development of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects
    Author:
    Andrei A. Frolov
    Work direction:
    Глава 9
    Abstract:
    The chapter is devoted to the problem of assessing and increasing the region's attractiveness to ensure the country's development in modern conditions. The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that, despite significant investment in many components of the socio-economic regional system, the level of population density in the territories of agricultural area of specialisation remains low. One of the reasons is the insufficient attractiveness of the region. The purpose of the study is to clarify the concept of " region's attractiveness", to identify and selectively assess the factors that determine it. The peculiarity of the methodology is the use of comparative analysis. Based on the materials of the Oryol Oblast, we have analysed the indicators of the main attractors in the block "attractiveness for the population". It was revealed that a relatively low level of population density is explained by low indicators of attractiveness. At the same time, the presence of favourable factors should be noted.
    Keywords:
    attractors, the region's attractiveness, attractiveness for the population, attraction factors, density index, territorial and industrial economic system, TIES, agricultural specialisation, Oryol Oblast
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  • Osvoenie kamnereznogo iskusstva Urala budushchimi spetsialistami turindustrii v obrazovatel'nom protsesse kolledzha

    Book Chapter
    Pedagogy and Psychology of Modern Education
    Authors:
    Anna A. Medvedeva, Svetlana F. Maslennikova
    Work direction:
    Глава 4
    Abstract:
    The authors disclose some specific aspects of the study the history and peculiarities of the formation of stone-carving in the Urals by students of the Ural College of Business, Management and Beauty Technology (Yekaterinburg) majoring in Tourism 43.02.10. The role of some stone-carving masters in the development of the Ural decorative and applied arts is revealed.
    Keywords:
    tourism industry, stone-carving art, stone-carving crafts, the Urals
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  • Problems of teaching the history of the Great Patriotic War

    Proceeding
    University as a factor of Modernization of Russia: History and Prospects (to the 55th anniversary of the I.N. Ulyanov ChSU)
    Authors:
    Aleksandra O. Makarova, Mark E. Kapranov
    Work direction:
    Новые подходы в изучении истории Великой Отечественной войны
    Abstract:
    The article discusses the issues of teaching the history of the Great Patriotic War in secondary schools. The fundamental thesis is as follows: the problems of preserving the memory of the war that arise in the modern Russian school are largely related to the socio-cultural context. The authors believe that the solution to the problem lies in the activation of educational technologies that initiate both intellectual and emotional aspects of a student's personality.
    Keywords:
    historical memory, heroism, The Great Patriotic War, cultural context, sense of patriotism
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  • Sociocultural aspects of the formation of the Cheboksary Electrical Equipment Plant (Special Electrical Equipment Plant No. 654) during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945

    Proceeding
    University as a factor of Modernization of Russia: History and Prospects (to the 55th anniversary of the I.N. Ulyanov ChSU)
    Authors:
    Olga O. Dmitrieva, Tat'iana V. Iakovleva
    Work direction:
    Вклад народов Поволжья в дело Победы
    Abstract:
    The article analyzes the sociocultural aspects of the formation of the Cheboksary Electrical Equipment Plant during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. («Advanced Electrical Equipment Plant No. 654»). The process of evacuation of the Kharkov Electromechanical Plant and the establishment of industrial production in Cheboksary is considered. The issues of solving social and everyday problems regarding the placement of evacuated specialists, as well as the educational mission of the Plant on the formation of socio-cultural employment as the initial stages of the formation of a separate electrical engineering cluster of the Chuvash Republic at the present stage are considered.
    Keywords:
    Cheboksary Electrical Equipment Plant, Special Electrical Equipment Plant No, 654, evacuation, industrial potential, sociocultural development
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  • Culture of Chuvashia during the Great Patriotic War

    Theses of Report
    University as a factor of Modernization of Russia: History and Prospects (to the 55th anniversary of the I.N. Ulyanov ChSU)
    Author:
    Tat'iana V. Ivanova
    Work direction:
    Вклад народов Поволжья в дело Победы
    Abstract:
    The article reveals cultural development of Chuvashia during the Great Patriotic War, transformation of cultural institutions due to the tasks of wartime.
    Keywords:
    cultural and educational institutions, restoration
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  • Patriotism and internationalism working Ural at years of the Great Patriotic war

    Proceeding
    University as a factor of Modernization of Russia: History and Prospects (to the 55th anniversary of the I.N. Ulyanov ChSU)
    Author:
    Boris P. Dementev
    Work direction:
    Система образования и культура в период Великой Отечественной войны
    Abstract:
    In article is analysed: change the national composition worker Ural at the beginning initially wars; the problems newly mobilized on enterprises; the decision of the problems; the account of national specifics in production and agitation work, in mode of life; the help front.
    Keywords:
    problems, Patriotism, help, internationalism, war, Ural, specifics
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  • POSTER ART OF ARTISTS OF THE SOUTH URALS DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

    Proceeding
    University as a factor of Modernization of Russia: History and Prospects (to the 55th anniversary of the I.N. Ulyanov ChSU)
    Author:
    Natalia N. Nokhrina
    Work direction:
    Система образования и культура в период Великой Отечественной войны
    Abstract:
    The article raises the problem of fine arts of the South Urals during the Great Patriotic War. Certain aspects of poster art of Chelyabinsk Regional artists in the period 1941–1945 are highlighted. Historical facts from the life and creative work of Chelyabinsk artists during the war are given.
    Keywords:
    fine arts, The Great Patriotic War, the Southern Urals, Chelyabinsk artists, posters, satirical drawings
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  • Saving a masterpiece of world architecture: chronicle of the war years

    Proceeding
    University as a factor of Modernization of Russia: History and Prospects (to the 55th anniversary of the I.N. Ulyanov ChSU)
    Authors:
    Alexandr I. Skvortsov, Zakhar A. Kosterin
    Work direction:
    Система образования и культура в период Великой Отечественной войны
    Abstract:
    The article examines the extremely emergency condition of the white-stone Dmitrievsky Cathedral of the XII century in Vladimir on the eve and in the first months of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945, provides methods for its operational strengthening and subsequent post-war restoration.
    Keywords:
    the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945, an architectural monument, Dmitrievsky Cathedral of the 12th century in Vladimir, the construction of a white stone temple, methods of salvation from collapse
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  • The resources of the school museum in regular and extracurricular activities

    Proceeding
    University as a factor of Modernization of Russia: History and Prospects (to the 55th anniversary of the I.N. Ulyanov ChSU)
    Authors:
    Elena V. Kaltsanova, Regina L. Grigogreva
    Work direction:
    Роль архивов, музеев и библиотек в формировании представлений о Великой Отечественной войне
    Abstract:
    This article examines the possibilities of using the resources of the school museum «Memory Road» of Secondary School No. 64 in Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic, in patriotic education in the classroom and in extracurricular activities. These resources provide an opportunity for the initial study of the events of the history of the Great Patriotic War and to visualize military events using information technologies that increase the educational motivation of a modern student.
    Keywords:
    extracurricular activities, The Great Patriotic War, museum pedagogy, school museum, cultural and historical heritage
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  • The work of the National Library of the Chuvash Republic on the formation and strengthening of patriotic values in the public consciousness by promoting knowledge about the Great Patriotic War

    Proceeding
    University as a factor of Modernization of Russia: History and Prospects (to the 55th anniversary of the I.N. Ulyanov ChSU)
    Author:
    Roza M. Lizakova
    Work direction:
    Роль архивов, музеев и библиотек в формировании представлений о Великой Отечественной войне
    Abstract:
    The article reveals the participation of the staff of the National Library of the Chuvash Republic in the formation of a patriotic value system of mass public consciousness through events aimed at spreading knowledge about the Great Patriotic War and other heroic pages of Russian history.
    Keywords:
    Great Patriotic War, patriotic value system of mass consciousness, Chuvash Republic, National Library of the Czech Republic, cultural and educational work
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  • Optimization of teaching the logic of natural language as a method of cognition

    Book Chapter
    Modern issues of pedagogy and psychology: theoretical and methodological approaches and practical research results
    Author:
    Nikolai N. Zhaldak
    Work direction:
    Глава 6
    Abstract:
    The efficiency of human processing of information from digital devices and other sources must be improved. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to give a scientific understanding of the representational logic of natural language as a method of cognition, and teaching it must be made purposeful and optimized. This logic includes its logical means and rules for operating with them and with figurative models of what they denote. Diagrammatic models make the conclusion purely formal. The author substantiates the possibility of this optimization by making a review of the main results of his own long-term scientific and pedagogical experiment. The author's scientific presentation of this logic covers any existential quantifiers that are featured in the diagrammatic dictionaries of the forms of attributive judgments about objects, places, times, cases, points of view; conjunctions with a relevant definition of conjunctions of logical consequence in a diagrammatic dictionary of judgments about cases; system of logical forms of questions. As for reasoning about properties, the most effective method of line-tabular diagrams is suggested. For a gradual teaching of this method and logical thinking from preschool age, a system of visual means, methods, forms of tasks and a technology for the professional training of educators and teachers is offered. Using this technology, according to the suggested forms, they compose and use meaningful tasks, and a special form serves to teach each rule. For children, a method is proposed for demonstrating the meanings of logical forms of judgments with the quantifiers "is", "no", "all", "not all", "only", "not only", "only all", "not only all", "all , except", "there is only", etc. with their fingers. For the blind, devices for teaching solving logical problems by constructing tactile line-tabular diagrams are patented.
    Keywords:
    optimization, teaching, cognition, natural language, logic, diagrams, questions
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  • Problems of Bias and Opacity of Neural Network Models

    Book Chapter
    Modern issues of pedagogy and psychology: theoretical and methodological approaches and practical research results
    Author:
    Natalia G. Mironova
    Work direction:
    Глава 7
    Abstract:
    In recent decades, experts in the field of cognitive psychology and epistemology have described about two hundred distortions inherent in human thinking. Systems based on artificial intelligence models that are actively being created and introduced into social practice exhibit characteristics similar to human thinking, incl. cognitive defects. The chapter analyzes some cognitive distortions that, according to the author, are inherent in artificial intelligence models, in particular large generative neural network models.
    Keywords:
    information security, philosophical problems of artificial intelligence, neural network models
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  • Cross-cultural Competence as an Element of Professional Training of Foreign Language Specialists

    Research Article
    Development of education Volume 7 No 1
    Authors:
    Sergei N. Samozhenov, Irina V. Matveeva
    Work direction:
    Pedagogy and Modern Education
    Abstract:
    This scientific article focuses on cross-cultural competence in education, highlighting the interdependent relationship between language proficiency and intercultural understanding. The authors synthesize theoretical foundations and pedagogical techniques to reveal the multifaceted aspects of integrating cross-cultural nuances into language education. The study presents cross-cultural competence as an essential element of effective communication in a globalised world, rather than a secondary skill. The authors use a holistic approach to examine the complexities of pedagogical strategies that aim to develop cross-cultural communicative competence. These concepts involve the use of innovative technologies and multimedia resources to overcome traditional educational frameworks and model authentic cross-cultural encounters. The article examines the challenges associated with developing flexible competences. The intangible nature of cultural norms and the diversity of students' biographies complicate the process of building soft skills. The article concludes by offering recommendations for improving cross-cultural education and outlining promising trajectories for future research. This study contributes to the debate on the proposed interdisciplinary approach to building cross-cultural competence, combined with the integration of new technologies, which heralds a new era in pedagogy.
    Keywords:
    intercultural communication, specialists, professional training, intercultural competence, foreign languages, cross-cultural competence
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