List of publications on a keyword: «education»
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Itogi realizatsii federal'nogo proekta po rannei professional'noi orientatsii uchashchikhsia 6-11-kh klassov obshcheobrazovatel'nykh organizatsii Chuvashskoi Respubliki "Bilet v budushchee"
Book ChapterEducation and science: current trends- Authors:
- Zhanna V. Murzina, Larisa A. Stepanova, Alla V. Shtykova
- Work direction:
- Глава I. Национальный проект «Образование»: раннее профессиональное самоопределение обучающихся
- Abstract:
- This material describes the implementation of the Federal project "Ticket to the Future", which includes familiarizing students of 6-11th grades of general education institutions with modern professional occupations, determining children’s professional interest, forming recommendations for building an individual educational trajectory in accordance with the selected professional competencies (professional areas of activity) and in accordance with the control point 3.1. The action plan for the implementation of the Federal project "Success of every child" which is "Education" National Project Charter. The organizer of the project "Ticket to the future" in 2019 is the Union "Young professionals (WorldSkills Russia)", the operator of the project for the Chuvash Republic for 2 years in a row is the budget institution of the Chuvash Republic of additional professional education "Chuvash Republican Institute of Education" of the Ministry of education and youth policy of the Chuvash Republic.
- Keywords:
- professional self-determination, competence, professional education, project "Ticket to the future", individual educational trajectory, professional route, mini-test, unconscious incompetence, festival of professional occupations, teacher-navigator, improvement of practical skills and abilities, professional test, career guidance platform for large-scale and significant educational events
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O vysshem iuridicheskom obrazovanii v Rossii i gosudarstvennykh trebovaniiakh
Book ChapterEducation and science: current trends- Author:
- Vladimir N. Zhadan
- Work direction:
- Глава II. Современные тенденции развития образования
- Abstract:
- The proposed material is devoted to issues on higher legal education and state requirements for the organization and implementation of the educational process in educational institutions of higher education in Russia. The author studies the material on issues and problems of modern higher legal education, analyzes the legal acts in the field of education, including the state requirements for higher legal education. In the process of preparing this material, the following research methods were applied: analysis, generalization, comparison, etc. The research results have been discussed at All-Russian and International conferences, and many of them have been published. The author comes to the conclusion that the problems of higher legal education in Russia are based on the unverified use of approaches and guidelines of the Bologna process, as well as embedded in the current system of educational institutions of higher education, which includes “dummy universities”. Therefore, in order to improve higher legal education and improve the quality of training of students – potential lawyers in higher education institutions, the state and political will of the country's leadership and relevant departments in the field of education is necessary to form an effective Federal system of higher legal education, which provides for unified and coordinated Federal state requirements for the specialty “Jurisprudence” and the system of training specialists in the qualification “lawyer”, which provides for training in higher education institutions for at least 5 years.
- Keywords:
- analysis, Russia, educational institutions, higher legal education, state requirements, legal acts, General theoretical provisions, understanding
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Gumanitarizatsiia vysshego obrazovaniia i ee realizatsiia v podgotovke magistrantov k nauchno-pedagogicheskoi deiatel'nosti v tekhnicheskom universitete
Book ChapterEducation and science: current trends- Authors:
- Natalia M. Babaeva, Natalia G. Belova, Aleksandr P. Morozov
- Work direction:
- Глава II. Современные тенденции развития образования
- Abstract:
- The dominance of the technocratic model of civilization development has led to a number of global problems, each of which threatens the destruction of humanity. The most terrible of the threatening catastrophes is the anthropological one, the destruction of the human being in man. The necessity for comprehensive humanization of all spheres of human activity is argued. Humanitarization of higher technical education is considered the most important mechanism and means of forming a professional's humanitarian culture. The article presents the results of a study where a technical university students’ attitude to the study of Humanities was analyzed. The article reflects the problem of training teaching staff for technical universities and considers the reserves for improving the quality of training of undergraduates as prospective teachers. A three-stage model of undergraduates’ comprehensive training for professional and pedagogical activities of a technical university teacher is presented.
- Keywords:
- humanization, higher technical education, anthropological crisis, humanitarization, humanistic culture of a professional, preparation of undergraduates for scientific and pedagogical activity, model of complex preparation of undergraduates
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Problems of Humanizing Higher Education in Today's Russian Society: Factors, Main Directions and Methods
Book ChapterEducation and science: current trends- Author:
- Vladimir I. Zalunin
- Work direction:
- Глава II. Современные тенденции развития образования
- Abstract:
- The article examines the factors, main directions, problems and methods of humanizing education in its various subsystems. The study allows us to outline ways to further organize and flesh out a very important, complex and necessary process of humanizing higher education in our country, rationalizing it and improving efficiency.
- Keywords:
- humanization, humanization of education, humanitarization of education, foundations of for education humanization, factors of education humanization, the drivers of education humanization, the main subsystems of higher education, the main areas of higher education humanization, the main problems of humanizing higher education in its main subsystems, methods and means of humanizing education in its main subsystems, systemizing and fleshing out problems and methods of higher education humanization
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The Paradigms of Modern Education
Book ChapterEducation and science: current trends- Authors:
- Vera S. Ledniova, Larisa V. Moshurova, Nadezhda S. Korchagina, Viktoriia V. Kolomatskaia
- Work direction:
- Глава II. Современные тенденции развития образования
- Abstract:
- A paradigm can be defined as the basis of choice for solving scientific problems, a model, and an example of solving scientific problems. The educational paradigm is a set of theoretical prerequisites that determine the approaches to building the educational process and the educational practice itself (the development of pedagogical tasks, styles of interaction of the educational process participants, etc.). The educational paradigm, at first glance, is part of the scientific paradigm, but the fact that it reflects the personal philosophy of the teacher who creates the educational process should not be ignored.
- Keywords:
- education, paradigm, business game, practical lesson, seminar, brainstorming, round table
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Project activities in social education
Book ChapterEducation and science: current trends- Author:
- Marina G. Solnyshkina
- Work direction:
- Глава III. Проектное обучение в системе образования
- Abstract:
- Social design is considered as the basis for professional growth of a social work graduate. In this article, the importance of project activities in the current standard as a universal competence of a social work specialist is demonstrated. Based on the specifics of social work, a project is defined as an author’s version of solving a social issue. The topics of students’ projects based on the results of social diagnostics in an evolving society are presented. The features of social modeling in social design are considered. On the example of the Moscow region, the possibilities of forming an innovative education strategy in which design acts as a tool for social development are shown.
- Keywords:
- social design, training of social work specialists, universal competencies, presentation of a social project, diagnostics of a social project, competitions of social projects, projects on social and pedagogical support for childhood, innovative development of education, project as a tool for social development
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Integration of Pedagogical Approaches and Their Use in the Educational Process
Book ChapterEducation and science: current trends- Author:
- Natalia A. Kuzina
- Work direction:
- Глава III. Проектное обучение в системе образования
- Abstract:
- The paper considers the process of applying pedagogical approaches in education, their integration; provides an example of formation of students' educational and cognitive competencies and their thinking in the process of studying, based on the integration of competence, technological and activity approaches, which allow to increase the level of development and effectiveness of university education.
- Keywords:
- integration, information technology, education, thinking, pedagogical approaches, educational and cognitive competence, methodological complex
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Rol' samostoiatel'noi raboty studentov v protsesse obucheniia inostrannym iazykam v epokhu tsifrovogo obrazovaniia
Book ChapterEducation and science: current trends- Author:
- Iuliia N. Tochilina
- Work direction:
- Глава IV. Современные подходы к профессиональному обучению
- Abstract:
- This article discusses the individual work of students in the process of foreign language teaching in higher education. Attention is paid to the role of individual work in the modern era of digital education. Various forms of individual work are considered. The author describes the attitude of students to individual work in English and German classes.
- Keywords:
- foreign language, digital technologies, digital education, individual work, digital natives, online survey
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Olimpiadnaia podgotovka shkol'nikov po distsiplinam gumanitarnogo tsikla (na primere istorii, obshchestvoznaniia, prava)
Book ChapterEducation and science: current trends- Authors:
- Pavel I. Gorbunov, Roman I. Gorkinskii, Natalya A. Milioshina, Liudmila A. Potapova
- Work direction:
- Глава V. Приемы и методы формирования и развития учебной мотивации обучающихся
- Abstract:
- The article on the example of history, social science and law, analyzes and systematizes the authors' experience in the field of olympiad training of students. The relevance of the problem in the context of the need to implement the national project “Education” is revealed, the advantages of schoolchildren having achievements in various competitions when entering universities are described. The important role of competent scientific consulting and mentoring in the system of olympiad training is emphasized. On the example of the project “Growth Story”, the need for early preparation for the Olympiads is substantiated, non-standard approaches to this process are proposed. The most common types of olympiad tasks are analyzed, methodological methods aimed at improving the efficiency of their implementation are proposed.
- Keywords:
- history, olympiad training, author's tale, social science, law, mentoring system, individual educational routes, levels of the educational system, tutor support
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Osobennosti realizatsii modeli lichnostno-orientirovannogo obucheniia v estestvennonauchnom obrazovanii mladshikh shkol'nikov
Book ChapterEducation and science: current trends- Author:
- Svetlana B. Barashkina
- Work direction:
- Глава V. Приемы и методы формирования и развития учебной мотивации обучающихся
- Abstract:
- This article pays special attention to the issue of personality-oriented education of children in the conditions of the Federal State Educational Standards of the IEO. The author defines an individual educational route as a condition for teaching younger students. Promising techniques and methods of working on natural science concepts with children are identified. The importance of the teacher's methodological preparation for this interaction is highlighted.
- Keywords:
- Federal State Educational Standards, individual educational route, student-centered learning, interaction technologies, Singapore technologies, self-development of students
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Crossword as an effective tool in teaching theory of educational disciplines
Book ChapterEducation and science: current trends- Author:
- Mariia N. Koniagina
- Work direction:
- Глава V. Приемы и методы формирования и развития учебной мотивации обучающихся
- Abstract:
- Modern society has special requirements for the methodological support of the learning process in higher education. At the same time, the efficiency of the methods and the applied training tools should be deeply studied. The Crossword game, which is used to consolidate students' knowledge of the conceptual knowledge within the framework of theoretical disciplines, allows combining high-quality training and testing of theoretical knowledge of the academic discipline, as well as being an exciting event in almost any academic discipline. The results of a study conducted in 2 stages: a pre-game survey of students about their expectations and a survey of the results of the Crossword game, showed that this methodological development exceeded students' expectations and improved the efficiency of mastering the theoretical material of the discipline by almost one third.
- Keywords:
- higher education, teaching methods, student, digitalization, digital tools
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Kul'turno-obrazovatel'naia sreda provintsial'nogo goroda
Book ChapterCulture. Science. Education: modern trends- Author:
- Tatiana I. Stepanova
- Work direction:
- Глава 1. Культура
- Abstract:
- The issues on the cultural and educational environment of a provincial town are considered in the article. The author outlines that numerous proverbs, sayings, speech patterns, phrases interpreting the role of the environment in the human community have developed in the culture of the people: «left the environment», «dissolve in the environment», «product of the environment». Also, the author emphasizes that the cultural and educational environment of a small town in the context of its spiritual content is determined by the cultural level of the population; the degree of people’s spiritual needs development; cultural and educational institutions. The cultural and educational environment includes two components – cultural and educational, which closely interact with each other. The article analyzes the activities of educational organizations, describes the features of the musical environment of Stary Oskol of Belgorod Region.
- Keywords:
- cultural and educational environment, provincial town, educational institutions, historical and regional traditions
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Formy gosudarstvennoi podderzhki doshkol'nykh obrazovatel'nykh uchrezhdenii
Book ChapterCulture. Science. Education: modern trends- Authors:
- Lidiia A. Dylevskaia, Nadezhda P. Sovetova
- Work direction:
- Глава 3. Образование
- Abstract:
- Current regulatory legal act regulating educational activities in the Russian Federation is considered in the study. Special attention is paid to the legal framework for state regulation of preschool institutions engaged in correction of children's speech disorders. The analysis of the existing measures of state support was conducted, the quality of services provided in child care center is assessed, problem areas are identified, ways of improving the forms of state support were proposed according to the materials selected as research area of a municipal education.
- Keywords:
- state support of preschool institutions, forms of support, assessment of the quality of education
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Osobennosti planirovaniia obrazovatel'noi deiatel'nosti voennykh vuzov
Book ChapterCulture. Science. Education: modern trends- Authors:
- Elena V. Iumasheva, Viktor B. Stashkov, Nikolai D. Anishchenko, Aleksandr A. Pospelov, Konstantin I. Rozanov, Oleg A. Kolovanov
- Work direction:
- Глава 3. Образование
- Abstract:
- A rapid development of modern society and the change in power balance on the world stage (arena), the continuous increase of professional tasks complexity, place special demands on the management of military educational institutions. Planning is an important element of the military educational activity management system. The authors substantiated the need to develop software tools that provide information support to complex (integrated) approach to planning and organization of high institutions’ educational activity within the unified information and educational environment. The main problems that arise when using the information and educational environment of a military university, taking into account its specifics are identified. The authors present a structural model of electronic information and educational environment that allows to increase the coordination of the activities of the military universities leaders and teaching staff in the organization and management of educational activities.
- Keywords:
- military education, planning of educational activities, military higher education institution, strategic planning, information resources, information and educational environment
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Interaction of the labor market and the market of educational resources in the conditions of Informatization of education
ProceedingDigit: A Teacher's Helper- Author:
- Aleksandr V. Kochemazov
- Work direction:
- Формирование понимания значимости развития цифровых навыков и цифровых образовательных технологий
- Abstract:
- The modern Russian economy is developing and becoming more digital. And a large role in its development is played and will be played by highly qualified personnel who must be competitive in the labor market. The market of educational resources should be prepared and reformatted in the direction of Informatization of education, which brings not only great opportunities, but also problems that can be solved in the interaction of two markets: the labor market and the market of educational resources. The article considers their interaction.
- Keywords:
- labor market, educational services market, educational resources market, digital education, digitalization of the educational process, electronic educational content
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CAREER GUIDANCE WORK BASED ON THE FORECAST NEEDS OF THE LABOR MARKET OF THE KURSK REGION, AS A TOOL FOR RETAINING STAFF
Article in CollectionEconomics and Management: Theory, Methodology, Practice- Authors:
- Viktor V. Nadein, Irina E. Diomich
- Work direction:
- Экономика труда, демография
- Abstract:
- The personnel potential of the population is a significant factor affecting the successful development of the economy of the region and the country as a whole. The outflow of personnel, the imbalance in the human system, the low level of employment of graduates of vocational education, youth unemployment – all this is a serious problem, particularly due to lack of demand and the low prestige of the profession in a given place and time. This problem requires close attention from the educational authorities to the issues of career guidance, including in terms of its orientation on the basis of the economic state of the labor market.
- Keywords:
- human capital, career guidance, education, labor market, outflow of personnel, unemployment, Kursk region, labor stimulation
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Teens and the digital education system
ProceedingDevelopment and dissemenation of best practices in the field of digital skills development in an educational organization- Author:
- Sergei V. Shik
- Work direction:
- Современные инновационные технологии в образовании
- Abstract:
- The article discusses the impact of the education system on adolescents in the digital age. Teenage problems have been shown to remain relevant. It is argued that the education system of adolescents should combine both digital technology and take into account the digital experience of teachers.
- Keywords:
- education, digital age, teens
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Problema natsional'nogo obrazovaniia: teoreticheskii sravnitel'nyi analiz (Rossiia - Germaniia, Ushinskii - Fikhte)
ProceedingDeveloping Digital Skills: An Educational Institution's Experience- Author:
- Khristo B. Iordanov
- Work direction:
- Общая педагогика, современная история педагогики и образования с учетом использования современных ресурсов
- Abstract:
- The main fact that Ushinsky comes to is the fact that all great nations have their own national education system. At the heart of each of these systems is a kind of principle that determines the education system as a whole and gives it a specific character. For Fichte, freedom, integrity, uniqueness in relation to external culture seem to be the basic properties of the nation as such. A nation that has lost these properties ceases to be a nation in the true sense of the word. That is why the Romans do not represent a nation in the sense in which Fichte understands the German people.
- Keywords:
- education, national education system, nation, national education, the nature of a given people
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Development of distance additional education of children
ProceedingDeveloping Digital Skills: An Educational Institution's Experience- Authors:
- Larisa S. Ruchko, Olga S. Sharova
- Work direction:
- Формирование понимания значимости развития цифровых навыков и развития цифровых образовательных технологий
- Abstract:
- The article presents the experience of the Kostroma region in organizing and supporting the development of distance learning courses based on additional general educational programs by teams of educational organizations. The features of the experience are: the creation of a single regional portal for distance education, the development of regulations for the development of electronic courses on the basis of an additional general educational program, the organization of technical support for the creation of distance additional programs on an educational platform.
- Keywords:
- distance learning, additional education, distance learning course
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Robototekhnika - put' v budushchee
ProceedingDeveloping Digital Skills: An Educational Institution's Experience- Author:
- Mariia N. Konstantinova
- Work direction:
- Опыт реализации инновационных образовательных технологий в школе
- Abstract:
- В статье описан опыт работы с младшими школьниками во внеурочной деятельности по курсу «Робототехника». При создании материала автор стремился описать собственный опыт по организации и проведению занятий по робототехнике в школе. Основной целью работы является рассмотрение курса робототехники на базе школы.
- Keywords:
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Kola Saami Languages: Problem of Language Preservatiom and Functioning in the Urban Environment
Research ArticleEthnic Culture No 1 (1)- Author:
- Olga N. Ivanishcheva
- Work direction:
- Problems of Ethnic Cultures Preservation
- Abstract:
- The article presents an analysis of the sociolinguistic situation in the Kola North with the Kildin Saami language. Purpose of work – to consider the historical reasons for the situation of the indigenous language of the North, as well as the current situation with educational programs in the Kildin Saami language. The following method was used in the study: descriptive method. The result of the analysis is that in the study indicates the directions of activity of state structures and Saami activists to improve the functioning of the language, shows that in the conditions of the Russian-speaking environment, the chance for the survival of a minority language has a distance education, recommendations to the activities for conservation and revitalization Kildin Saami language. The study showed that the most suitable teaching technology for the dispersed population is the organization of training on the basis of specially prepared distance learning courses integrated into a single system on the training portal, which not only organizes training in the form of transferring teaching and methodological material to the learner for assimilation, but also monitors and evaluates the knowledge gained in asynchronous mode, analysis of the quality of the passage of educational material.
- Keywords:
- distance education, Saami language, Russian-speaking environment
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First Outcomes of Implementing the New Model of Continuous Education in the System of Further Post-Graduate Training of Doctors
Research ArticleDevelopment of education No 1 (7)- Author:
- Irina V. Chesnokova
- Work direction:
- Education System in Russia
- Abstract:
- The article is devoted to the consideration of the continuing medical education (CME), which is a supplementary vocational education carried out through the implementation of qualification and further post-graduate training programs. The basic principles of the CME development in the Russian Federation are defined in the article. Among them: continuity in post-graduate training; harmonization with international standards; partnership of the state and professional organizations; comprehensive training of medical workers, that is convenient for them; the use of innovative technologies; quality control and independence, the motivation of employees to improve their skills. During the study the following methods were applied: analysis, comparison and observation. The author of the article outlines that the current regulatory framework for the CME development is the federal laws in the field of healthcare. The results of the study. The majority of doctors accepted a new model as a principal one and registered at the CME website for training. It is concluded that the fundamental difference between the new educational model and the traditional one is that in the СME system an individual 5-year cycle educational plan is drawn up, including 250 credits (hours) of educational activity, which are evenly divided into 50 credits (hours) annually. It is also stated that during the process of implementing the model, certain problems arose: a significant increase in the number of students per year, the increase in the number of organizations accredited for training since it is difficult to control it at the first stage. The СME model needs to be improved and developed, relying on all the best achievements and developments of the traditional system of post-graduate training of doctors.
- Keywords:
- continuing medical education, distance learning technologies, post-graduate training of doctors, accreditation and certification of specialists, further post-graduate training in medicine
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Performing Homework on Physical Education by Students to Increase the Level of Physical Qualities
Research ArticleDevelopment of education No 1 (7)- Authors:
- Sergey A. Leshkevich, Vadim A. Leshkevich, Nataliya N. Lipovaya, Elena I. Potyomkina, Svetlana I. Kargina
- Work direction:
- Practice
- Abstract:
- The question on the need to perform homework on physical education for students in the form of additional physical activity is considered in the article. The problem of motor activity lack is studied and a solution presented in the form of certain exercises set in order to accustom the student to regular physical activity is found. The positive and negative aspects of this innovation are considered. Method of research. To confirm the theoretical assumption about the benefits of doing homework, a study that lasted for three months was conducted. The study engaged 60 students (30 young males and 30 young females) aged 17-19 years, in which they were divided equally by gender into 2 groups – control (CG) and experimental (EG). The results of the study. As a result of experiment, after doing homework for 3 months, improvements in student’s physical qualities in the experimental group could be observed. Among them: strength, endurance, flexibility, dexterity, speed and coordination of movements. It is concluded that due to physical exercises performed independently at home, the blood supply to the muscles and regulation of their activity by the nervous system improves – muscle mass increases, the immune system strengthens and, consequently, health improves, endorphins are produced in the body, so students feel better after training. Also, training the muscular system increases endurance in conditions of both physical and mental stress, thanks to an active lifestyle, the body's metabolic rate remains at a high level for long time, which prevents aging. Regular exercise makes it easier to fall asleep and improves the quality of sleep.
- Keywords:
- students, physical exercises, physical education, homework, regular physical activity, improving physical qualities
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Organizational and Content Aspects of Implementation of Inclusive Education
Research ArticleDevelopment of education No 1 (7)- Authors:
- Nadezhda P. Polyakova, Svetlana N. Silanteva, Valentina I. Trofimova
- Work direction:
- Practice
- Abstract:
- This article discusses the implementation of a model of inclusive education in general education organizations and the construction of an educational route for students with disabilities. It is through the substantive and organizational sections of the adapted basic general education programmes that special conditions are created and observed to ensure that children with special needs and disabilities have equal access to quality education in general education organizations, taking into account the peculiarities of their psychophysical development and the recommendations of psychological, medical and pedagogical commissions. The main aim of the study is to systematize and improve the professional competencies in supervisors and teachers – members of the working groups on the development of adapted basic general education programs of educational organizations. In order to achieve the aim of this study, the following analytical methods have been employed: retrospective analysis of scientific literature, content analysis of periodical press and proceedings of scientific conferences on the subject; as well as practical methods (including own experience of working in the fields of specialized education and advanced training). In addition, BE of FVE “Chuvash Republican Institute of Education of the Ministry of Education of Chuvashia” proposed a program of advanced training “Organizational and Substantive Aspects of Inclusive Education,” based on legal, theoretical and methodological principles. The results of the conducted study show that supervisors and teachers – members of the working groups – are gaining significant practical knowledge of developing adapted basic general education programmes. It can be concluded that the planned results of the program suggest elimination of professional deficiency concerning the organizational and substantive issues of constructing an educational route for children with disabilities in conditions of inclusive education, as well as development of adapted basic general education programs of an educational organization.
- Keywords:
- inclusive education, students with disabilities, adapted basic general educational program of an educational organization, individual child development program, Federal state educational standard for elementary general education of students with special needs, Federal state educational standard for the education of students with intellectual disabilities
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Modern Aspects of Contents Adaptation in Teaching Literary Reading to Blind Elementary School Students
Research ArticleDevelopment of education No 1 (7)- Authors:
- Elena V. Zamashnyuk, Tamara A. Kruglova
- Work direction:
- Practice
- Abstract:
- The article is focused on the problem of teaching blind elementary schoolers in literary reading lessons in elementary school. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to bring into compliance the content of the education of children with severe visual impairments with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards for blind students (option 3.2). At the present time, teachers of schools for blind children continue to experience difficulties in adapting the content of education in this subject. The aim of the article is to analyze and summarize the existing typhlopedagogical experience of teaching this group of children and to determine the directions for adapting the content of teaching literary reading to blind elementary students. Methods used in this study include analysis, description, and comparison. An analysis of the typhlopedagogical heritage suggests that teaching reading to blind elementary schoolers has a number of peculiarities due to the negative impact of visual impairment on their speech and cognitive development, motivation for activity; this can be overcome by adapting the content of education. In their turn, the directions of adaptation can be reached by adjusting the contents of textbooks, enriching the children’s sensory experience, developing their speech and thinking, and using a differentiated approach in teaching by redistributing educational material and developing assessment criteria that are appropriate for the blind students’ needs. The results of this study have important meaning for employees of schools for visually impaired children because they allow to implement a differentiated approach in teaching and to adapt the contents of the Literary reading school subject according to the special educational requirements of children.
- Keywords:
- sensory experience, special educational needs, literary reading, blindness, residual vision, adaptation of learning content, development of speech and thinking, motivation to read, tools for teaching reading