En
Register Log in

List of publications on a keyword: «state»

  • К вопросу об особенностях развития местной власти в советский период

    Conference Paper
    Law, Economics and Management
    Author:
    Постриганов Евгений Александрович
    Work direction:
    Историко-правовые проблемы развития государственности
    Abstract:
    Local government emerges as a result of the population's economic needs, and this process can take a considerable amount of time. Internal and external conditions and factors can either facilitate or significantly hinder the development of self-governance. This paper explores the reasons and circumstances that had a negative impact on the development of local government in Russia during the 20th century.
    Keywords:
    USSR, local self-government, municipal administration, state mechanism, municipal law, dictatorship of the proletariat, party apparatus, Soviet power, RSFSR

  • ACCOUNTING STATEMENTS AS A TOOL FOR ACCESSING BUDGET FUNDS: THREATS TO THE CUSTOMER’S ECONOMIC SECURITY WHEN PROCUREMENT PARTICIPANTS FALSIFY DATA

    Conference Paper
    Strategies of Sustainable Development: Social, Law and External-economic Aspects
    Author:
    Kseniia A. Kudasheva
    Work direction:
    Экономика предпринимательства
    Abstract:
    The article examines the problem of falsification of accounting statement data by procurement participants as a threat to the economic security of the customer when accessing budget funds. The aim of the research is to identify the main motives of procurement participants for distorting reporting data, systematize the most common falsification schemes, and propose a set of measures for their detection and neutralization.
    Keywords:
    economic security, digital technologies, financial analysis, public procurement, threats, budget funds, Accounting statements, data falsification, customer, procurement participant
    Go 

  • Shaping modernity: core socio-economic drivers and their societal consequences

    Conference Paper
    Strategies of Sustainable Development: Social, Law and External-economic Aspects
    Authors:
    Polina A. Riazantseva, Daria A. Riazantseva, Sofia A. Kravchenko, Daria D. Shipil', Sofia R. Letuchaia, Alina N. Kostenko, Olga V. Sharapova
    Work direction:
    Социально-экономические процессы в обществе
    Abstract:
    This article offers a systematic examination of the principal socioeconomic processes that shape the structure, stability, and evolution of contemporary societies. Moving beyond reductionist economic models, it adopts an interdisciplinary framework integrating sociological theory, political economy, and empirical observation. Key processes analyzed include digitalization and platform capitalism, financialization, demographic transitions, labor market flexibilization, and the socio-economic dimensions of environmental change. The paper argues that these processes are not unfolding in isolation but interact dialectically, producing paradoxical outcomes such as simultaneous wealth concentration and precarity, hyper-connectivity and social fragmentation. Drawing on evidence from post-industrial economies and emerging markets, the article demonstrates how national institutional contexts mediate global pressures. The conclusion outlines policy-relevant strategies for fostering inclusive and sustainable development in an era of systemic uncertainty.
    Keywords:
    digitalization, socio-economic processes, financialization, labor market precarity, demographic transition, environmental inequality, platform capitalism, social stratification, welfare state transformation, just transition
    Go 

  • Communicative and Pragmatic Potential of the Category «Understatement» in English narrative

    Conference Paper
    The Topical Issues of the Humanities and Social Sciences
    Author:
    Ol'ga A. Bondar'
    Work direction:
    Современные гуманитарные науки и проблемы языкознания
    Abstract:
    The article examines the communicative and pragmatic potential of the linguocultural phenomenon of «understatement». The author considers «understatement» as a communicative category. The category under study represents the British tradition of communication and is associated with a specific way of life and the British mentality. Moreover, the usage of «understatement» can cause some difficulties and misunderstandings in the intercultural communication. The study provides examples of «understatement» highlighting the variety of communicative functions it performs, such as deliberate withholding of information, polite way of communication, creating ironical and humorous utterances and others. Some linguistic means of the category «understatement» are also described, for example the use of minimizing adverbs, modal modifiers, verbs of opinion, negative grammatical constructions, etc.
    Keywords:
    narrative, irony, understatement, communicative category
    Go 

  • DEVELOPING TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION SKILLS IN STUDENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMING

    Conference Paper
    The Topical Issues of the Humanities and Social Sciences
    Author:
    Iuliia P. Meshkova
    Work direction:
    Содержание и технологии профессионального образования
    Abstract:
    In the context of the rapid development of information technology and the digital transformation of the economy, not only the technical competencies of future programmers are of particular importance, but also their ability to effectively interact with technical documentation. The ability to read, analyze, create, and maintain documentation has become an integral part of the professional culture of software developers. This article explores current approaches to developing these skills in the educational process and provides insights into the demands of the job market.
    Keywords:
    students, skill development, review, Federal State Educational Standard, young specialists, technical specifications, technical requirements, brief
    Go 

  • STUDY OF COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATION OF SHUYA SCHOOLCHILDREN AND STUDENTS TO THE SITUATION OF PUBLIC SPEECH

    Conference Paper
    The Topical Issues of the Humanities and Social Sciences
    Authors:
    Vera R. Petrova, Aleksei K. Osin
    Work direction:
    Теория и методика обучения и воспитания
    Abstract:
    This article analyzes the adaptation process to public speaking among young people of various age groups. The study, conducted on a sample of schoolchildren and students in the Ivanovo region, demonstrates a knowledge and skill deficit in presentation skills. The author substantiates the need for targeted training, including developing competencies in structuring material, correctly defining a topic for a presentation, and applying strategies to attract and retain audience attention.
    Keywords:
    self-esteem, public speaking, effective communication, psycho-emotional state, cognitive-behavioral adaptation, stressful situation, self-regulation mechanisms, confident behavior, strategies for overcoming fear, audience perception
    Go 

  • Methods and techniques for working on a poem in the 3rd grade: semantic reading

    Conference Paper
    Youth science in the modern world
    Authors:
    Iana G. Zubareva, Tatiana V. Zastrozhnaia
    Work direction:
    Теория и практика дошкольного и начального образования
    Abstract:
    The article discusses methods and techniques for working on a poem in the 3rd grade, with a focus on meaningful reading. It describes three stages of text analysis (pre-text, text, and post-text) based on the methodology of N. V. Dushkina and the positions of O. V. Zakharova. For each stage, specific techniques are provided (e.g., «true and false statements», «stop-and-go reading», and «thick and thin questions»), and examples of their application are given using poems included in the «School of Russia» program. It is shown how these methods contribute to a deep understanding of lyrical works and meet the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education.
    Keywords:
    primary school, teaching methods, Semantic reading, work with a poem, pre-text stage, text stage, post-text stage, Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education
    Go 

  • Assessment of the content of regional state transport development programs in compliance with program-targeted planning requirements

    Book Chapter
    Development of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects
    Authors:
    Aleksandr S. Shpak, Veronika A. Zhuravliova
    Work direction:
    Глава 7
    Abstract:
    The chapter is devoted to checking the compliance of the main parameters of the state programs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the transport sector with the principles of program-target planning and the strategic guidelines of the transport policy of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to assess the content of the state program «Development of the Transport System of the Leningrad Region.” The role of the state programs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the structure of program-target planning and the main tools of the unified state policy in the transport sector are presented. An analysis of the main parameters of the state programs of the constituent entities of the Federation that are part of the North-Western Federal District in the transport sector, and an assessment of the content and level of the state program of the Leningrad Region using the SMART methodology, showed that the program's goals are formulated concretely and measurably, but their full achievement has not been realized. Practical recommendations are provided to improve the effectiveness of the state program at the planning stage.
    Keywords:
    SMART technology, and phrases: state program, transport sector, program-target planning, assessment of the content and level of compliance with the goals, objectives, and activities of state programs
    Go 

  • Tsifrovizatsiia vysshego obrazovaniia v Rossii v usloviiakh mezhdunarodnykh sanktsii: teoreticheskie i prakticheskie aspekty

    Book Chapter
    Issues of education and psychology
    Author:
    Svetlana V. Kovalenko
    Work direction:
    Глава 3
    Abstract:
    This chapter analyzes the digital transformation of Russia's higher education system under sanctions pressure. Key challenges related to the revocation of foreign software licenses, the cessation of access to international scientific databases, and restrictions on academic mobility are discussed. Based on an analysis of strategic documents and empirical data, the paper proposes the development of a new model of digital sovereignty in higher education, combining technological independence with the preservation of the quality of the educational process
    Keywords:
    higher education, artificial intelligence, digital educational environment, digitalization of education, digital sovereignty, state policy in the field of import substitution
    Go 

  • The system of preparation for the Basic State Exam: principles of the teaching staff’s work

    Conference Paper
    Education, innovation, research as a resource for community development
    Author:
    Kseniia S. Pichkaliova
    Work direction:
    Образовательный процесс в организациях общего и дополнительного образования
    Abstract:
    The article examines the aspects of high-quality preparation of students for the main state exam: the organization of work between teachers, the principles of training students. The results of the implementation of the listed principles are presented.
    Keywords:
    teaching staff, exam preparation, basic state exam, principles of work
    Go 

  • The concept of a communicative approach in teaching Russian

    Conference Paper
    Education, innovation, research as a resource for community development
    Author:
    Tatiana V. Zastrozhnaia
    Work direction:
    Филология в системе образования
    Abstract:
    The paper examines the concept of the communicative approach in the methodology of teaching the Russian language. It highlights the history of the development of this approach in Russian pedagogy, reveals its key principles (functionality, situativity, novelty, and speech orientation), and describes the forms of its implementation in lessons (situational exercises and cooperative learning). Special attention is given to the compliance of the communicative approach with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education, showing how it contributes to the formation of communicative universal educational actions and the development of students' communicative competence, which includes their readiness and ability to engage in speech communication. The article concludes that this approach is important for developing all language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and encouraging students to be active in the classroom.
    Keywords:
    communicative competence, Federal State Educational Standard, situational exercises, Communicative approach, methods of teaching Russian, communicative universal learning activities, cooperative learning, and speech activity
    Go 

  • State social policy of the Russian Federation: directions, goals and tools of implementation

    Book Chapter
    Development of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects
    Author:
    Elena G. Shcherban
    Work direction:
    Глава 1
    Abstract:
    Based on a systematic analysis of legal acts, the chapter identifies and details the key goals and areas of social policy related to population preservation, health promotion, and human potential development. The main policy implementation tools are classified and characterized: regulatory, strategic, program-targeted, financial and economic, administrative, information and digital, and infrastructure. Special attention is paid to the role of digital platforms and the targeted approach to social support. The article concludes that modern mechanisms are complex and aimed at measuring, transparency, and effectiveness in achieving the state's social obligations.
    Keywords:
    digital transformation, social protection, state programs, state social policy, national development goals, social obligations, implementation tools
    Go 

  • The ability to work with information as a meta-subject educational result

    Conference Paper
    Education in the 21st Century: Challenges, Practices, and Development Trends
    Authors:
    Polina A. Gladkikh, Liudmila A. Orlova
    Work direction:
    Specificity of Professional Activity of Psychological and Pedagogic Stuff in the Educational System
    Abstract:
    The article is devoted to the development of students' ability to work with information as a meta-subjective learning outcome (FGOS LLC). The article reveals 8 components of the skill (search, analysis, structuring, etc.), criteria and levels of its assessment, typical problems in schools. Recommendations on pedagogical conditions and practical methods of information literacy formation are given.
    Keywords:
    pedagogical conditions, critical thinking, Federal State Educational Standard, metasubject skills, ability to work with information
    Go 

  • Spatial thinking as a basis for preparing 4-5-year-old preschoolers for school

    Conference Paper
    Psychological and Pedagogical Research – Tula Region
    Author:
    Polina A. Borzova
    Work direction:
    Проблемы обучения, развития, воспитания и социализации личности обучающегося в условиях цифровизации
    Abstract:
    Spatial thinking plays a fundamental role in the cognitive development of preschoolers and the formation of readiness for school. The article discusses the problem of developing spatial thinking in children aged 4-5, and analyzes the theoretical foundations, levels, and components of spatial representations. Special attention is paid to game methods and didactic techniques, as well as an integrative approach in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education. The article substantiates the need for targeted pedagogical work to successfully master mathematics, writing, reading, and other school skills. The article provides recommendations for teachers and parents on organizing a developing spatial environment and using integrative approaches in various types of children's activities.
    Keywords:
    spatial thinking, spatial representations, preparation for school, Federal State Educational Standard, cognitive development, didactic games, preschoolers aged 4-5
    Go 

  • Pedagogical Consulting Model for Parents in Forming Patriotic Values and Sense of Statehood in Older Preschool Children (Using the Resources of Cultural Institutions in Leningradskaya Stanitsa, Krasnodar Krai)

    Conference Paper
    Sormovo Readings - 2026: vectors of education development: practices, quality, prospects
    Authors:
    Elena N. Azletskaia, Iuliia G. Mishcheriakova
    Work direction:
    Формирование гражданской идентичности: подходы и методы патриотического воспитания
    Abstract:
    The article theoretically substantiates and describes a model of pedagogical consulting for parents aimed at forming patriotic values and a sense of statehood in children aged 5–7 years through the integration of resources from municipal cultural institutions. The model is constructed as a continuous educational line from the reflection of a child’s cultural experience (the «Cultural Diary of a Preschooler») to family value-based search (parental workbook and modular consulting program). The methodological basis includes cultural-historical, activity-based and systematic approaches. The empirical base consists of the results of the regional innovative project implemented in 2021–2023 at MBDOU №. 8 in Leningradskaya stanitsa, and 2023 monitoring (parent questionnaires, analysis of performance results, observation). It is assumed that the institutionalization of cultural institutions (museum, library, House of Culture and others) as family education spaces will increase parental involvem
    Keywords:
    social partnership, patriotic education, older preschool age, pedagogical consulting, sense of statehood, cultural institutions, parents' workbook
    Go 

  • JOINT BANKRUPTCY OF SPOUSES: COLLISIONS OF LEGISLATIVE REGULATION AND PROSPECTS FOR SYSTEMATIZATION

    Conference Paper
    Law, Economics and Management
    Author:
    Egor B. Zeider
    Work direction:
    Трудовое и предпринимательское право
    Abstract:
    The article examines current problems of legal regulation of the institution of joint bankruptcy of spouses in the Russian Federation. An analysis is conducted of the significant legislative gap in the Federal Law "On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)" and the resulting law enforcement collisions. Special attention is paid to the role of judicial practice, in particular the clarifications of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the decisions of arbitration courts, which de facto form procedural approaches in the absence of direct norms. Based on the study of existing problems, the author formulates proposals for improving legislation in order to create an effective, economical, and fair mechanism for implementing this procedure.
    Keywords:
    bankruptcy of a citizen, joint bankruptcy of spouses, bankruptcy estate, common obligations of spouses, procedural consolidation of cases, legislative gap
    Go 

  • Genesis and modern development of legal regulation of import substitution in the system of state and municipal purchases: practice of application, effectiveness of the national regime and anticorruption mechanisms

    Conference Paper
    Law, Economics and Management
    Author:
    Margarita R. Klavdieva
    Work direction:
    Актуальные вопросы юриспруденции
    Abstract:
    The article discusses the development of legal regulation of import substitution in the system of state and municipal procurement in Russia. It explores the historical genesis of the institution of tenders and analyzes the impact of joining the World Trade Organization on the formation of the modern contract system. Special attention is given to the effectiveness of the national regime, quota mechanisms, anti-corruption (compliance) measures, and the specifics of procurement involving state secrets. Based on an analysis of the consequences of the 2014 and 2022 sanctions, the article evaluates the practical results of the import substitution policy and suggests promising areas for developing legislation in this field.
    Keywords:
    import substitution, public procurement, technological sovereignty, sanctions, national treatment, quotas, compliance control, state secrets, 44-FZ, 223-FZ
    Go 

  • Features of concluding and executing certain types of work contracts: theoretical and economic and legal aspects

    Book Chapter
    Development of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects
    Author:
    Galina M. Morozova
    Work direction:
    Глава 12
    Abstract:
    The author examines current economic and legal aspects of concluding and executing independent contractor agreements; conducts a theoretical analysis of expert opinions regarding the essence of an independent contractor agreement. The concept of «independent contractor agreement» is clarified. The general features and specific characteristics of different types of independent contractor agreement and outlines future research prospects are formulated.
    Keywords:
    independent contractor agreement, consumer work agreement, construction contract, contract for design and survey work, contract for work for state and municipal needs
    Go 

  • Using digital platforms to support small and medium-sized businesses in the extreme climatic conditions of Yamal

    Conference Paper
    The socio-economic landscape of the region: people and digital transformation
    Authors:
    Iuliia V. Matkulova, Aleksei A. Kopchenov
    Work direction:
    Цифровая экономика и новые бизнес-модели региона
    Abstract:
    The study focuses on the analysis of the application of digital platforms as a tool for supporting small and medium-sized enterprises in the extreme climatic conditions of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The study analyzes the features of the digital transformation of SMEs in the Arctic territories, identifies the barriers to the implementation of digital solutions, and identifies promising areas for the development of digital business support infrastructure in the context of geographical isolation and harsh climatic conditions. The study also examines the role of specialized platforms in providing entrepreneurs with access to government support measures, financial instruments, and modern technological solutions.
    Keywords:
    small and medium-sized businesses, Arctic territories, digital platforms, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, extreme climatic conditions, digitalization of SMEs, and state support for entrepreneurship
    Go 

  • STATE CONTROL OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION OVER TRADE IN NATIONAL CURRENCIES WITH BRICS MEMBER COUNTRIES

    Conference Paper
    The socio-economic landscape of the region: people and digital transformation
    Author:
    Aleksei A. Lezhnin
    Work direction:
    Финансовые технологии (FinTech) и трансформация банковско-страхового сектора
    Abstract:
    The article examines the system of state control of the Russian Federation over foreign trade operations in national currencies with the BRICS countries. The key instruments of currency and customs regulation used to ensure economic security and stability of financial flows are analyzed. The main problems associated with exchange rate volatility and asymmetry of regulatory frameworks are identified. Promising directions for improving control mechanisms in the context of de-dollarization of the world economy are substantiated.
    Keywords:
    BRICS, national currencies, State control, de-dollarization, currency regulation
    Go 

  • Assessment of the Academic Success of Students at a Teaching University in Terms of Their Relationship with the Results of the Uniform State Examination

    Research Article
    Development of education Volume 9 No 1
    Authors:
    Ekaterina A. Ilyina, Svetlana V. Ilina, Larisa G. Vasilyeva, Svetlana V. Grigoreva
    Work direction:
    Pedagogy and Modern Education
    Abstract:
    This article presents an empirical assessment of the predictive validity of the Unified State Exam (USE) results for the academic performance of students majoring in the social sciences and humanities at the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I. Ya. Yakovlev for 2021–2025. The aim of the study is to quantify the relationship between the average USE score in specialized subjects and academic performance, taking into account the form of funding and specialized features. Official data on the USE results of school graduates in Chuvashia, monitoring of educational trajectories, and intra-university statistics were used. Spearman correlation analysis, the Mann-Whitney U-test, and dynamic analysis were applied. It was found that an average USE score ≥70 correlates with high-quality academic performance in subject-oriented humanities programs (ρ = 0.38–0.42, p < 0.001). A significant difference in academic performance was found between state-funded and fee-paying students (r = 0.39–0.58), indicating the role of motivational factors. In creative profiles, no statistically significant relationship was found between the results of the Unified State Exam and academic performance (ρ < 0.15, p > 0.05). The results confirm the need for a differentiated approach to applicant selection and the development of support programs for them.
    Keywords:
    academic performance, Unified State Exam, correlation analysis, continuity of education, Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I.Ya. Yakovlev, regional educational trajectories
    Go 

  • Organizatsiia i instrumenty realizatsii gosudarstvennoi politiki po povysheniiu kachestva i urovnia zhizni naseleniia Murmanskoi oblasti

    Book Chapter
    Development of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects
    Author:
    Tatiana S. Mikhailova
    Work direction:
    Глава 7
    Abstract:
    The chapter is devoted to the key aspects of the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of social and economic development of the region. The author examines the main mechanisms and tools used to improve the quality of life of the population, including social programs, investment projects and infrastructure development initiatives. Based on statistical data, strategic documents, national projects, and state programs, the article analyzes the standard of living and quality of life of the population of the Murmansk Region as a constituent entity of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Factor analysis allowed identifying the problems that negatively affect the quality and standard of living of the region's population and suggesting ways to address them.
    Keywords:
    quality of life, socio-economic development, state policy, standard of living, national projects, Murmansk Region, population size
    Go 

  • Pravovaia priroda kontrakta na okazanie meditsinskikh uslug v sisteme gosudarstvennykh zakupok: publichno-pravovye i chastnopravovye elementy

    Book Chapter
    Development of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects
    Authors:
    Irina A. Fedorova, Anna G. Kraevskaia
    Work direction:
    Глава 9
    Abstract:
    The chapter is devoted to a comprehensive study of the legal nature of a state contract for the provision of medical services in the public procurement system, which is a unique legal phenomenon with a dual nature. The article argues that a state contract for the provision of medical services occupies a borderline position at the intersection of several branches of law: administrative law, which regulates the procedure for concluding a contract, civil law, which defines the content of contractual obligations, medical law, which establishes special requirements for subjects and standards of medical care quality, and budgetary law, which regulates the financial basis for the execution of a contract. The article examines in detail the public law elements of the contract, which manifest themselves at the stage of its conclusion through the mandatory provisions of Federal Law No. 44-FZ. The article analyzes the special role of medical law through the establishment of mandatory requirements for licensing, material and technical base, and personnel qualifications.
    Keywords:
    public procurement, Civil Law, civil liability, medical law, state contract, medical services, mixed contract, contract system, budgetary law, principles of the contract system, ensuring competition, unified information system, public interest, private interest, contractual nature, paid provision of services, subject of the contract, rights and obligations of the parties, standards of medical care, procedures for providing medical care, licensing of medical activities, quality of medical care, budget funds, treasury support, and state control
    Go 

  • On the question of the prerequisites, factors and dynamics of the revival of Orthodoxy in Russia at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries.

    Book Chapter
    Development of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects
    Author:
    Maksim S. Kazimirov
    Work direction:
    Глава 11
    Abstract:
    This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the revival of Orthodoxy in Russia at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. It highlights the key preconditions that enabled this process to begin after decades of uncompromising state antireligious policies, including the deep historical roots of Orthodoxy and the systemic crisis of Soviet ideology. It identifies and characterizes the key factors that played a decisive role in initiating and sustaining the dynamics of the religious renaissance, including political changes, the proclamation of freedom of conscience, the social demands of society, and the active internal activities of the Russian Orthodox Church. Particular attention is paid to the dynamics of the revival of Orthodoxy and the growth of religiosity among Russians as a whole-from a period of rapid quantitative growth to stages of qualitative development, institutionalization, and the emergence of new challenges. In the final section of the study, the author formulates a conclusion on the current state of development of the institutions of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Russian Federation at the time of the study.
    Keywords:
    Russian Orthodox Church, revival of Orthodoxy, revitalization of Orthodoxy, ROC, church-state relations, religious renaissance, spiritual revival
    Go 

  • Christianization of Rus': sociopolitical and cultural consequences

    Conference Paper
    Strategies of Sustainable Development: Social, Law and External-economic Aspects
    Authors:
    Nikolai K. Kalinin, Olesia V. Tereshchenko
    Work direction:
    Социально-экономическое развитие общества: исторический аспект
    Abstract:
    This article examines the Baptism of Rus' in 988 as a complex process with multiple facets, transcending the boundaries of a simple religious act. The author explains how the adoption of Christianity from Byzantium became a means of centralizing political power, legitimizing the prince's rule, and creating a new ideological system. Cultural changes are analyzed: the emergence of writing, changes in architecture and art, and the emergence of an understanding of history through chronicles and religious texts. The article notes the long and inconsistent process of Christianization, manifested in the mixing of religions and the persistence of pagan elements. Finally, it concludes that Baptism became the foundation not only of the ancient Russian state but also of a model for the development of civilization, whose characteristics—from the idea of ​​a "special path" to the modern relationship between the government and the Church—are present in Russian identity to this day.
    Keywords:
    culture, Russian identity, writing, Baptism of Rus, Christianity, statehood
    Go