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List of publications on a keyword: «man»

  • Problems of youth innovation management in the Republic of Adygea

    Conference Paper
    Technopark of universal pedagogical competencies
    Author:
    Svetlana K. Khachak
    Work direction:
    Социальные процессы и образование
    Abstract:
    The article discusses the problems of youth innovation management in the Republic of Adygea. We focus on the main difficulties faced by young professionals and students: lack of experience, limited financial resources, lack of an effective mentoring system, and insufficient information support. We are discussing how educational institutions, government agencies and businesses can support the innovative potential of young people. We focus on the interaction of university research and student startups, as well as establishing links between universities, companies and investors. The article suggests measures to improve government support for youth innovation.
    Keywords:
    education, creativity, innovation activity, youth, mentoring, scientific research, Innovation management, government support, startups, young entrepreneurs, innovative entrepreneurship, student projects, accelerators, technology parks, innovation clusters
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  • Strategies for staff engagement in digital change: from resistance to acceptance

    Book Chapter
    Development of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects
    Author:
    Ekaterina L. Arzamasova
    Work direction:
    Глава 6
    Abstract:
    The chapter explores the mechanisms of staff involvement in the digital transformation processes of an organization, from resistance to acceptance of changes. It examines the reasons for resistance, such as fear of losing work, uncertainty about roles, and concerns about the comfort and familiarity of old processes. The chapter proposes a multi-level approach to involvement, which includes strategic leadership, transparent communication, employee participation in planning, opportunities for training and retraining, and the creation of a safe space for feedback. The chapter presents practical methods: targeted communication campaigns, joint formation of a roadmap of changes, involvement of employees in pilot projects, use of agile methodologies and design thinking to minimize resistance. Special attention is paid to measuring the effectiveness of involvement through KPI, satisfaction surveys, indices of perception of changes and monitoring of the organization's culture. As a result, specific steps are proposed to move from resistance to acceptance, which ensures a smoother implementation of digital technologies, increased employee motivation, and a sustainable transformation effect.
    Keywords:
    digital transformation, communication strategy, Agile, organizational culture, pilot projects, design thinking, change management, employee engagement, resistance to change, training and retraining, employee participation, engagement KPIs, change monitoring
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  • Current issues on automation of personnel document management in the organization

    Book Chapter
    Development of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects
    Author:
    Irina V. Belianina
    Work direction:
    Глава 8
    Abstract:
    In a modern organization, the automation of HR workflow is becoming a key factor in improving the efficiency of management processes, reducing risks, and increasing the transparency of HR activities. Modern approaches cover both full-format and partial-format documents, from recruitment, staffing, and orders to payroll, HR records, and document storage under legally significant requirements. The chapter discusses modern methods and tools for automation, including electronic document management, digital signatures, document archiving and storage, integration with personnel accounting systems, version control and access rights management, and automation of routine operations (automatic generation of orders, notifications, and reminders). The chapter covers the issues of data security, compliance with local legislation and personal data regulations, the implementation of standards and methods for working with documents, as well as the selection and implementation of cloud and on-premises solutions. The chapter analyzes the practical stages of implementation, including setting goals, choosing an architecture, selecting functionality, migrating data, configuring processes, and training personnel, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of automation using KPI and ROI criteria. The chapter concludes with a proposed methodology for implementing HR document automation, which aims to minimize manual work, speed up approval processes, and improve HR operations control.
    Keywords:
    automation of personnel document management, electronic document management (EDM), personnel records, electronic signatures, access control, personal data security, regulated document storage, processing of personnel documents, integration with personnel accounting systems, processing of personnel processes, KPI and ROI of implementation
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  • THE MECHANISM OF COMMITTED PRODUCT LABELLING: PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

    Conference Paper
    Law, Economics and Management
    Authors:
    Emma A. Shariapova, Ekaterina S. Zhelnina
    Work direction:
    Трудовое и предпринимательское право
    Abstract:
    The introduction of the «Chestny znak» unified digital platform for mandatory product labeling in the Russian Federation is a key element of the strategy for developing the digital economy and, as a result, the information society. However, despite the significant advantages of the mechanism developed by the legislator, its implementation also presents significant challenges for small and medium-sized businesses. The main difficulties are largely related to the specific features of regional legislation, which creates numerous gaps and barriers for business representatives to exercise their rights to freely and unhindered conduct of their activities. As a result, the imperfections in the legislation contradict the government's policy of supporting businesses, and the current problematic situation requires attention and a speedy solution. The article was written within the framework of the topic of research work No.51C24with the financial support of a grant from Saint Petersburg State Un
    Keywords:
    trade, digital economy, labeling, mandatory product labeling, social and economic development
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  • Подводный спорт

    Conference Paper
    Manchaara Games: Generational continuity in the development of national sports – 2025
    Authors:
    Aleksandr V. Nikishkin, Aleksandr A. Liubakov, Veronika A. Sorokina
    Work direction:
    Актуальные проблемы оздоровительной и адаптивной физической культуры
    Abstract:
    The study of underwater sports broadens the readers' horizons and enriches their understanding of the possibilities of active recreation and maintaining health through unique ways of interacting with nature. The article examines the history of the emergence and development of underwater sports, describes the main directions and their features, and introduces the reader to the necessary technical equipment used in the sport. The authors pay special attention to safety issues and environmental ethics in underwater sports.
    Keywords:
    sports competitions, underwater sports, performance techniques, training specifics, sports discipline, exciting activities, and special equipment
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  • PREVENTION OF ADDICTIONS IN MODERN PRESCHOOL AND PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

    Conference Paper
    Psychologically Safe Educational Environment: Design Problems and Development Prospects
    Author:
    Sergei I. Nikitin
    Work direction:
    Developing of System of Positive Interpersonal Relationship, Propitious Psychological Atmosphere and Organizational Culture in Educational Environment
    Abstract:
    This article examines the socio-cultural conditions for developing a healthy lifestyle in children. It also examines the pedagogical conditions and the "Be Healthy" educational program for preschoolers. The article explores the prevention of bad habits in preschoolers through humane, collective education. The article identifies the psychological and pedagogical conditions for preschoolers' personal development. It also highlights the essence of independence as a personal quality in primary school children that promotes comprehensive development and self-realization.
    Keywords:
    healthy lifestyle, preschool educational organization, deviant behavior, self-realization, independence, addiction prevention, humane collective education, moral choice
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  • Methodological aspects of the competence-based approach in teaching students in the field of 37.03.01 "Psychology"

    Book Chapter
    Issues of education and psychology
    Author:
    Uliana G. Chavykina
    Work direction:
    Глава 7
    Abstract:
    The study substantiates the specifics of the application of socio-cultural technologies in relation to the search for effective ways to form competencies in the course of training students in the bachelor's program 37.03.01 «Psychology» with the profile «Psychological Counseling and Mediation." The application of competencies forms a competence-based approach that contributes to the development of professionally important qualities such as independence, creativity, and communication skills in students. The author proposes an educational model for the application of socio-cultural technologies in the training of students in the bachelor's program 37.03.01 «Psychology» based on the principles and norms of the competence-based approach.
    Keywords:
    educational process, competence, psychology, competence-based approach, social and humanitarian focus
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  • On the question of Daniil Andreev's work

    Book Chapter
    On the question of Daniil Andreev's work
    Author:
    Andrei V. Teniakov
    Work direction:
    Все направления
    Abstract:
    Abstract to the monograph This monograph is a comprehensive analysis of the philosophical work of Daniil Andreev, a significant representative of the Russian philosophical tradition of the 20th century. In his research, the author aims to analyze Andreev's socio-political, religious and philosophical views, paying attention to his concepts concerning spirituality, collective responsibility and the evolution of human consciousness. Andreev emphasizes the importance of the interconnectedness of all elements of existence and considers man not only as a biological being, but also as a spiritual, multi-layered, possessing a unique inner nature. He focuses on the active role of the individual in the historical process and the need to synthesize the spiritual and material aspects of life. Andreev's philosophy also includes an understanding of light and darkness, good and evil as complementary aspects, which leads to a deeper understanding of human nature and its connection with higher truths.
    Keywords:
    personality, philosophy, man, Daniil Andreev, multi-layered being, material and spiritual aspects of life
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  • Digital Transformation of Business Processes in Tourism: From Theoretical Foundations to Overcoming Practical Challenges

    Book Chapter
    Sustainable development strategies: economic, legal and social aspects
    Authors:
    Olga N. Beketova, Ol'ga I. Zeveke, Gleb A. Kovalev, Emiliia Abdullaeva
    Work direction:
    Глава 6
    Abstract:
    The study focuses on the impact of digital technologies on the transformation of business processes. The authors distinguish between the key concepts of «digitalization» and «digital transformation», analyzing their evolution and specific features. The chapter examines the key technologies of digital transformation in tourism, their impact on operational efficiency, customer experience, and business models. Special attention is given to the challenges and barriers of the transformation process, and possible ways to overcome them are proposed. The results of the study demonstrate that digital transformation in tourism is a strategic imperative for maintaining competitiveness in today's economic environment.
    Keywords:
    digital transformation, business rocesses, challenges of digital transformation, change management
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  • Models of sustainable growth of Russia's human capital

    Book Chapter
    Sustainable development strategies: economic, legal and social aspects
    Author:
    Olga I. Khudiakova
    Work direction:
    Глава 8
    Abstract:
    The issue of the sustainability of Russia's intellectual potential growth determines not only the country's competitiveness on the global stage, but also its ability to ensure social well-being, innovative development, and national security. The paper presents models of human capital growth dynamics, their analysis, and issues of adequacy. It also provides a description of government strategies aimed at enhancing Russia's intellectual potential. The paper analyzes the trends in human capital development in recent years and the changes in these trends depending on the study period. Additionally, a SWOT analysis of Russia's HDI dynamics is presented.
    Keywords:
    intellectual potential, Human Development Index, HDI, Russia's HDI, human capital dynamics models, and sustainable growth
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  • Strategic and methodological problems of education system development in Russia

    Book Chapter
    Sustainable development strategies: economic, legal and social aspects
    Author:
    Vladimir A. Spivak
    Work direction:
    Глава 9
    Abstract:
    The development of the education system on strategic horizons is a crucial task for the country's leadership, the scientific community, and the professional community. The quality of strategic decisions is determined by the competent application of a systematic approach and its elements, which allow for the prediction of changes in the external environment and the education system itself, taking into account and coordinating the interests and expectations of the education system's actors, using the methodology of strategic management, the program-target method, and the operationalization of concepts.
    Keywords:
    education system, system approach, strategic management, program-target method, operationalization
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  • Individual Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency in Secondary Schools

    Research Article
    Development of education Volume 8 No 3
    Author:
    Irina V. Mirotvorskaya
    Work direction:
    Pedagogy and Modern Education
    Abstract:
    This article aims to conceptualize, describe, and validate a model for preventing deviant behavior among at-risk students in a general education school setting. The research is based on an analysis of the practical experience of a specific educational institution implementing this model. The study's materials include school regulations, individualized rehabilitation programs, observations of students, semi-structured interviews with educational stakeholders, and data from surveys and tests. The research methods employed are case studies, a review and synthesis of pedagogical practices, and analytical descriptions with modeling elements. The results highlight the model's strengths, such as a comprehensive approach to prevention, individualized corrective and pedagogical activities, active student involvement in the preventive process, optimization of the teaching staff's work, and a focus on fostering positive motivation. Potential limitations and challenges are also identified, including the need for a high level of professional competence among mentors, the risk of perfunctory completion of individual developmental maps, the difficulty in verifying the system's effectiveness, and the dependence of subproject success on the activity of classroom teachers. The conclusion underscores the effectiveness and promise of the presented model for reducing the risk of deviance and improving students' social adaptation. A system for monitoring and evaluating effectiveness, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative indicators, is proposed. The crucial role of the school librarian as a library mentor in preventive work is emphasized.
    Keywords:
    educational environment, school, psychological support, socialization, maladaptation, preventive measures, individual educational path, crime prevention, performance monitoring
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  • The Main Data about the Consonant System of the Low German Dialect of the Mennonite Germans of the Simferopol Region of the Crimean Peninsula

    Research Article
    Ethnic Culture Volume 7 No 3
    Authors:
    Yulia V. Berezina, Viacheslav N. Onoshko, Yulia S. Zhilina, Denis E. Voytov, Olga V. Skurikhina
    Work direction:
    World languages and literature
    Abstract:
    The article describes the consonant system of the Low German dialect of the Mennonite Germans of the Simferopol region of Crimea. Mennonites are followers of the Reformation movement that emerged in the 16th century in the Netherlands. The founder of this religious teaching was former Frisian Catholic priest Menno Simons (1496–1561), who united small, disjointed congregations of Anabaptists based on his doctrine. Since 1789, at the invitation of Catherine II, Mennonites began to migrate to Russia. The study is based on an analysis of the oral speech of representatives of an ethnic religious community who retained their native language in a foreign-speaking environment. The authors identify 25 consonant phonemes and describe in detail their classification according to articulatory and acoustic characteristics, as well as the functional load based on frequency of use. Special attention is paid to the specific features of consonantism, including the preservation of archaic features characteristic of the Low German dialect Plattdeutsch, as well as the influence of Russian and High German dialects. Such phenomena as palatalization before the vowels of the front row, spirantization of the consonants, velarization [l], vocalization [r], the presence of voiced consonants at the absolute end of the word. The analysis shows that the dialect under study retains a significant degree of archaism, while simultaneously being influenced by the contact Russian language. Despite the numerical reduction of native speakers, the consonant system demonstrates stability and internal logic, which makes it an important object for linguistic and ethnolinguistic research.
    Keywords:
    Mennonite Germans, low German dialect, phonological analysis, consonantism, functional load of phonemes
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  • Philosophical and ethical reflection of educational technologies

    Book Chapter
    Current issues of pedagogy and psychology
    Author:
    Rakhat A. Satybaldieva
    Work direction:
    Глава 16
    Abstract:
    This chapter attempts to philosophically and ethically understand modern technologies that are rapidly transforming the education system in the digital age. The educational approach is not only a complex of instrumental methods for transferring knowledge, but also a space for the formation of values, meanings and the personality of the student. Analyzes the philosophical foundations of the concepts of «education» and «technology», as well as the ethical challenges that arise in the process of developing digital platforms, artificial intelligence and distance learning. Particular attention is paid to issues of international justice, confidentiality, alienation, as well as preserving the humanistic potential of education in a technologized environment. In conclusion, proposals are put forward for the ethical and philosophical support of educational practices and an emphasis is placed on the need to humanize digital technologies.
    Keywords:
    artificial intelligence, humanization, distance education, educational technologies, philosophy of education, digital learning, ethics of pedagogy, digital justice, medicine of the future
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  • Enterprise management to improve competitiveness indicators

    Book Chapter
    Development of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects
    Author:
    Iuliia V. Markelova
    Work direction:
    Глава 6
    Abstract:
    The chapter provides a definition of the concepts of "competition" and "competitiveness". The signs of an enterprise that is highly competitive are listed. Attention is focused on the following: to increase competitiveness, a large number of enterprises seeking to enter the global export market use such an effective tool as benchmarking. The purpose of competitiveness management is to ensure the effective functional activity of the company and the level of its competitiveness, which is a prerequisite for successful management and effective use of the company's potential in comparison with its competitors.
    Keywords:
    competitiveness, competitiveness of enterprises, enterprise management
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  • The evolution of the goals of punishment in the criminal law of the Russian Federation

    Book Chapter
    Development of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects
    Authors:
    Alla S. Sizova, Eduard R. Babushkin
    Work direction:
    Глава 7
    Abstract:
    The chapter discusses the main goals of punishment in the Russian Federation, their significance and correlation with the principles of criminal law, as well as their role in shaping probation policy and further socialization. The article examines the changing goals of criminal punishment in the process of the formation of the Russian state: starting with the first written sources of Ancient Russia, ending with the period of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, with an analysis of the distinctive features and reasons for the adoption of these goals. Purpose: to conduct a historical analysis of the goals of criminal punishment, to identify the tasks they solve, to substantiate the goals in the context of the external environment, to identify common features and situations, as well as to substantiate the current goals of criminal punishment. To focus on a simplified understanding of the purpose in the form of retribution and punishment and their relationship with the aim of correcting the offender and positive consequences for the state and society. Methods: a systematic approach, historical and logical methods, analysis and synthesis, deduction, induction are used. Results: it is noted that for modern purposes of criminal punishment, retribution is practically not mentioned and is losing importance, giving way to the correction of the offender and his re-socialization. Correction and re-socialization are considered as key goals that contribute to reducing the rate of crime. If there is a real correction, the historical purpose of retribution loses its relevance and does not violate the principles of criminal law. Conclusions: over time, the concept of crime has softened, which has led to a change in the main objectives of punishment. Currently, after the adoption of the Probation Law, the focus is shifting from retribution to the correction of the convict and his re-socialization. The question of the relationship between retribution and the restoration of social justice remains the subject of scientific debate. One of the goals of probation and re-socialization is to reduce the level of recurrence of crimes. The effective use of this mechanism, combined with compliance with the principles of criminal law, contributes to the seduction of the individual without an emphasis on revenge against the criminal.
    Keywords:
    humanization, principles, criminal law, evolution, goals of criminal punishment, punitive functions, probation, individualization of criminal punishment
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  • The analysis of the concept of property in V.N. Afanasyev's monograph "The Dialectic of Property: the logic of economic form"

    Book Chapter
    Development of the Russian socio-economic system: challenges and prospects
    Authors:
    Nikolai D. Naidenov, Iurii V. Kuznetsov
    Work direction:
    Глава 9
    Abstract:
    The chapter shows that the main points in the concept of ownership by V.N. Afanasyev are its functioning as a form of combining production factors (individual labor, organizational and legal forms of economic activity, international forms of economic cooperation and the correspondence of the form of ownership to the form of the product (for collective labor – this is a directly social product, for individual labor – a commodity. The author argues the position that both a strictly centralized economy and a chaotic accumulation of forms of ownership are harmful to the economy, which in both cases causes instability of economic development.
    Keywords:
    dialectics, property, political economy, limited resources, organizational and legal forms of management, public communication
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  • Water supply system of the Krasnodar Territory: problems of network wear and tear and management aspects

    Conference Paper
    Strategies of Sustainable Development: Social, Law and External-economic Aspects
    Authors:
    Aleksandr R. Pishevets, Mariia V. Zelinskaia
    Work direction:
    Социально-экономические условия жизнедеятельности населения
    Abstract:
    The article considers the current state of the water supply system of the Krasnodar Territory from the point of view of municipal infrastructure management, special attention is paid to the problem of network wear. Statistical data on the provision of the population with water, the scale and age of the network infrastructure, as well as the dynamics of reducing network wear over the last decade are presented. The main problems associated with high physical wear of water supply networks and its consequences for management were analysed: an increase in accidents, significant water losses, financial difficulties of enterprises and the need for large-scale modernisation. The measures taken by regional authorities to update networks (modernisation programs, investments, concession agreements and national projects) and management approaches to solving the identified problems are described. As a result, conclusions were formulated on the need for integrated planning, sufficient funding and st
    Keywords:
    water supply, Modernisation, Krasnodar Krai, network wear and tear, communal infrastructure, housing and communal services management
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  • ПРИНЦИП ЧЕЛОВЕКОЦЕНТРИЧНОСТИ В РАБОТЕ ОРГАНОВ ВЛАСТИ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ КОНФЛИКТОВ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ГОРОД КРАСНОДАР)

    Conference Paper
    Strategies of Sustainable Development: Social, Law and External-economic Aspects
    Authors:
    Anita A. Ashikarian, Iuliia G. Lesnykh
    Work direction:
    Вопросы социально-экономической эффективности предприятий
    Abstract:
    The article considers the human-centred approach as a modern management model aimed at preventing and resolving conflicts in the system of state and municipal administration. Particular attention is paid to the theoretical essence of human-centredness, its difference from client-centredness and its role in the formation of sustainable interaction between the government and the population. Using the example of the municipality of the city of Krasnodar, specific mechanisms and practises demonstrating the effectiveness of human-oriented solutions in resolving local conflicts have been analysed. Promising directions of development of human-centred management as the basis of trust and social stability in the municipal environment are highlighted.
    Keywords:
    regulation, management, interaction, conflicts, prevention, trust, feedback, municipality, participation, human-centredness
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  • About the educational space of the university for students with disabilities

    Conference Paper
    Pedagogy, Psychology, Society: from theory to practice
    Authors:
    Eseniia S. Sakaeva, Elena A. Bauer
    Work direction:
    Социальные процессы и образование
    Abstract:
    Teaching a university student with disabilities requires the creation of a special educational space. The article attempts to consider a comprehensive approach to eliminate the risks of social isolation of this category of the population.
    Keywords:
    socialization, educational environment of the university, education management, social isolation, disabilities, student with disabilities
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  • Humantrak kak instrument analiza oporno-dvigatel'nogo apparata v khudozhestvennoi gimnastike

    Conference Paper
    Pedagogy, Psychology, Society: from theory to practice
    Authors:
    Polina A. Masko, Elena G. Kostenko
    Work direction:
    Теория и методика физического воспитания, спортивной тренировки, оздоровительной и адаптивной физической культуры
    Abstract:
    В статье рассматриваются возможности и перспективы системы Humantrak для исследования и корректировки состояния опорно-двигательного аппарата гимнасток. Особое предпочтение отдается изучению часто встречающихся нарушений – искривлений позвоночника, гиперлордоза, нестабильности суставов, а также раннего проявления дегенеративных процессов.
    Keywords:
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  • Vliianie dykhatel'noi gimnastiki na pokazateli funktsional'nogo sostoianiia respiratornoi sistemy bokserov 7-10 let

    Conference Paper
    Pedagogy, Psychology, Society: from theory to practice
    Authors:
    Aleksei V. Bondar, Liudmila I. Katashinskaia
    Work direction:
    Теория и методика физического воспитания, спортивной тренировки, оздоровительной и адаптивной физической культуры
    Abstract:
    This article presents the results of an experimental study focused on the influence of breathing exercises on the functional state of the respiratory system in young boxers aged 7 to 10.
    Keywords:
    functional state, physical performance, sports training, breathing exercises, respiratory system, boxers aged 7–10, vital lung capacity, breathing gymnastics
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  • The theoretical foundations of team building for the organization's employees in the field of additional education

    Conference Paper
    The Topical Issues of the Humanities and Social Sciences
    Author:
    Natalia V. Noskova
    Work direction:
    Образовательный процесс в организациях общего и дополнительного образования
    Abstract:
    This article discusses the main aspects of the possibility of applying additional educational programs in the system of training and developing team building skills for employees of modern organizations. The importance of internal corporate training in the system of developing team building skills and the functioning of effective teams is shown, and the main applied advantages of this approach are highlighted.
    Keywords:
    team, additional educational programs, group cohesion, team building skills, management effectiveness
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  • Psychological and pedagogical support of medical students in junior courses

    Conference Paper
    The Topical Issues of the Humanities and Social Sciences
    Authors:
    Saian K. Umarova, Aksana B. Gatsaeva
    Work direction:
    Развитие психолого-педагогического сопровождения в современном образовании
    Abstract:
    The article is devoted to the analysis of psychological and pedagogical support for medical students in the first year of study. The key adaptation difficulties, psychological support methods and pedagogical technologies that contribute to successful integration into the educational environment are considered. Recommendations are offered on the organization of effective support aimed at reducing stress levels and developing the necessary competencies.
    Keywords:
    adaptation, emotional intelligence, psychological and pedagogical support, professional development, anxiety, time management
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  • Agrarnye otnosheniia v Rimskoi imperii i ikh vliianie na sovremennuiu sel'skokhoziaistvennuiu praktiku

    Conference Paper
    Socio-Economic Processes of Modern Society
    Authors:
    Artur A. Khanakhian, Vladimir S. Koinov
    Work direction:
    Социально-экономическое развитие общества: исторический аспект
    Abstract:
    The article examines the features of agrarian relations that existed in ancient Rome. Their impact on modern agricultural practices is analyzed. The authors consider key aspects such as the land tenure system, labor relations between peasants and landowners, and the influence of the state on agricultural production. The article also considers examples of successful practices borrowed from Roman model approaches that can serve as a basis for innovative solutions in modern agricultural systems. The conclusion includes recommendations for agricultural policy based on historical experience, which can contribute to improving practices in the context of a changing climate and globalization.
    Keywords:
    sustainable development, agriculture, farming, Roman Empire, agrarian relations, craft
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