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List of publications on a keyword: «education»

  • Motivation of students in the process of design and research activities of students in chemistry

    Conference Paper
    The Topical Issues of the Humanities and Social Sciences
    Authors:
    Liubov A. Bezrukova, Olga V. Iakimova
    Work direction:
    Социальные процессы и образование
    Abstract:
    One of the main ways to increase the motivation of students in learning is presented-this a project-research work, which is a systematic approach at the heart of the federal state standard.
    Keywords:
    motivation, school education, design and research activities
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  • От «пpимeнeния инcтpумeнтов» к «пepecтpойкe компeтeнций»: позиция учитeля инфоpматики в контeкcтe тeндeнций цифpового обpазования

    Conference Paper
    The Topical Issues of the Humanities and Social Sciences
    Author:
    Oksana Manina
    Work direction:
    Тенденции развития цифрового образования
    Abstract:
    The ten main research trends in digital education, unveiled at the 2026 World Conference on Digital Education, indicate that the center of gravity of global research is shifting from the application of technology to building mechanisms, developing competencies, and managing risks. In this context, the teacher of computer science is faced with a particularly acute question about professional identity: what is the key value of teaching if artificial intelligence is capable of taking over the task of writing code and working with tools? Based on empirical data from the OECD's Digital Education Review 2026 and progress in the development of national digital educational platforms, the author argues that a computer science teacher should move from the role of a "software coach" to the role of a "human—machine interaction culture educator," and suggests practical learning strategies focused on two Underestimated measurements — the ability to recognize
    Keywords:
    digital education, risk perception, computer science teacher, human‑machine interaction, self‑directed learning

  • On the implementation of gamification methods in the educational process

    Conference Paper
    The Topical Issues of the Humanities and Social Sciences
    Author:
    Iuliia A. Koshkarova
    Work direction:
    Теория и методика обучения и воспитания
    Abstract:
    The article is devoted to the gamification of education. The main focus is on the challenges faced by the modern education system, which necessitate the search for new approaches and methods to improve the educational process. The article also reveals the main characteristics and principles of gamification.
    Keywords:
    educational process, clip thinking, Gamification, game mechanics, zoomers

  • Game‑based technologies for developing lexical skills in the Evenki language in preschool children: theoretical and methodological recommendations for preschool educational organizations.

    Conference Paper
    The Topical Issues of the Humanities and Social Sciences
    Author:
    Spartak B. Lekhanov
    Work direction:
    Теория и методика обучения и воспитания
    Abstract:
    The article examines the development of lexical skills in the Evenki language among children aged 3–7 in preschool educational organizations. The relevance is due to the endangered status of the language and the sensitive period of preschool childhood. The goal is to substantiate game‑based technologies for the natural acquisition of vocabulary through play activities. Based on literature, dictionaries, and collections of games, a classification of methods is proposed: finger games, active games, didactic games, role‑playing games, theatrical games, computer games, and project‑based games. The linguistic features, principles, criteria, and levels of vocabulary acquisition, as well as the requirements for the “Reindeer Herder’s Corner” environment, have been identified. The materials can be used in programs and manuals for teaching the Evenki language to preschool children.
    Keywords:
    preschool education, gaming technologies, lexical skills, language revitalization, Evenki language, language nest, reindeer husbandry, children aged 3–7

  • Implementation of Article 48 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation: from qualification requirements to accessibility of "legal aid" – a problematic and polemical option

    Book Chapter
    Economic and Legal Processes: Issues, Strategic Guidelines, Monitoring
    Author:
    Svetlana L. Paevskaia
    Work direction:
    Глава 15
    Abstract:
    The chapter examines the constitutional right to qualified legal assistance enshrined in Article 48 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The author analyzes the concept and legal nature of this right, its correlation with international standards, its structure and system of guarantees. Based on the analysis of federal and regional legislation, the legal positions of the Constitutional Court and procedural codes, the specifics of the right’s implementation in criminal, civil, arbitration and administrative proceedings, as well as in the system of free legal aid, are considered. The main problems are identified: the absence of a unified law on professional legal assistance, inconsistent qualification requirements, limited availability of free legal aid and regional inequality, shortcomings of state-appointed defense counsel. Measures to improve legislation are proposed.
    Keywords:
    Constitutional Court, free legal aid, qualified legal assistance, Article 48 of the Constitution, bar, educational requirement, court representation
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  • Developing students’ learning motivation in chemistry lessons within a digital educational environment

    Conference Paper
    Psychological and pedagogical education in modern conditions
    Author:
    Ol'ga I. Priamilova
    Work direction:
    Современные тенденции в психологии и образовании
    Abstract:
    The article is of a theoretical and analytical nature. The problem of maintaining students’ learning motivation in the study of chemistry in a digital educational environment is examined. Based on psychological and pedagogical approaches to learning motivation, the characteristics of chemistry as an academic subject and the possibilities offered by digital tools are analysed. Pedagogical techniques that can support students’ cognitive interest, independence, and engagement are identified: problem‑based questions, the connection between chemical knowledge and everyday life, virtual experiments as preparation for real ones, formative feedback, and the choice of difficulty level. Criteria for analysing the motivational potential of a lesson are proposed, and the limitations of using digital tools are outlined.
    Keywords:
    schoolchildren, digital educational environment, cognitive interest, learning motivation, pedagogical techniques, chemistry education, virtual laboratory

  • INSTITUTES OF PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THE RSFSR: FORMATION AND REORGANISATION

    Conference Paper
    Pedagogical readings dedicated to the memory of Professor V.P. Manukhin
    Authors:
    Vladimir V. Reznikov, Olga A. Iaremchuk
    Work direction:
    Профессиональное развитие педагога
    Abstract:
    The article examines the history of the institutes of public education (INO), the first attempt in Soviet Russia to create a single type of higher pedagogical institution. Drawing on normative documents of the People’s Commissariat for Education of the RSFSR and regional studies, the authors trace the concept of the 1919 reform, the formation of the network of institutes in Central Russia, the Volga region, Siberia and the Far Eastern Republic, and the organisation of teaching and the conditions of their work. It is shown that the abandonment of the INO by the Commissariat in 1921 did not mean their immediate liquidation: the reorganisation lasted until 1923 and proceeded through the incorporation of the institutes into universities and their transformation into practical institutes and pedagogical technical schools. The authors conclude that, despite their short existence, the INO ensured continuity of staff and facilities in the development of higher pedagogical education.
    Keywords:
    higher pedagogical education, institutes of public education, People’s Commissariat for Education, teachers’ institutes, pedagogical technical schools, Far Eastern Republic

  • The problem of verifying employee compliance with the requirements for awarding awards in an educational organization

    Conference Paper
    Strategies of Sustainable Development: Social, Law and External-economic Aspects
    Authors:
    Aleksei I. Timashkov, Andrei S. Dorofeev
    Work direction:
    Менеджмент и маркетинг
    Abstract:
    This article addresses improving the efficiency and objectivity of nominating university staff for awards amid HR digitalization. It highlights issues with fragmented data, manual processes, award sequencing, quotas, and restrictions. Existing HRIS solutions lack support for universities’ specific award policies. The paper proposes a specialized information system with centralized employee and award tracking, automated verification, quota management, and reporting. Implementing it would reduce errors, enhance transparency, and allow quick adaptation to regulatory changes. The work systematizes requirements for digital award policy support and offers a feasible concept for developing such systems.
    Keywords:
    educational organization, digital transformation, information system, personnel management, employee awards, automated verification, awards committee, awards history
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  • Partial literary reconstruction as the basis for the art-analysis of the text, the structure and content of which include the tasks of the school mathematics course

    Conference Paper
    Education, innovation, research as a resource for community development
    Author:
    Svetlana V. Lebedeva
    Work direction:
    Современные технологии в образовании
    Abstract:
    The article demonstrates the possibilities of partial literary reconstruction for multidimensional art-analysis of texts with plot-forming tasks-inserts. Using the example of N. Nosov's short story "Fed's task", the structure and content of a series of lesson sessions based on partial reconstruction are designed. The proposed methodology is aimed at teachers who are able not only to see the unique form of organization of the educational process, but also to understand the deep content of the proposed approach, adapt it and effectively use it in pedagogical practice.
    Keywords:
    school education, mathematics and literature, partial literary reconstruction, teaching tool, art-text with a mathematical component, a task-insertion
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  • ANALYSIS OF THE EXPERIENCE OF TEACHERS IN THE IVANOV REGION IN USING ADAPTIVE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES AS A TOOL FOR OVERCOMING BARRIERS IN READING EDUCATION

    Conference Paper
    Education, innovation, research as a resource for community development
    Authors:
    Anastasiia A. Martemianova, Aleksei K. Osin
    Work direction:
    Современные технологии в образовании
    Abstract:
    The article is devoted to the methodological aspects of integrating computer technologies into the process of teaching reading in primary school. The author reveals the specifics of the impact of multimedia tools on the technical and semantic aspects of the reading skill. Special attention is paid to the algorithms for using interactive simulators to correct dyslexia and develop reading techniques. A model of a literary reading lesson using ICT is presented, proving that digitalization does not replace the teacher but expands their didactic toolkit, ensuring an increase in the quality of education in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education.
    Keywords:
    multimedia, dyslexia, elementary school, educational platform, reading skill, computer technologies
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  • Muzykoterapiia kak sredstvo muzykal'no-tvorcheskogo razvitiia detei doshkol'nogo vozrasta na muzykal'nykh zaniatiiakh v doshkol'nykh obrazovatel'nykh uchrezhdeniiakh

    Conference Paper
    Education, innovation, research as a resource for community development
    Authors:
    Svetlana G. Farkhutdinova, Vera V. Medvedenko
    Work direction:
    Образовательный процесс в организациях общего и дополнительного образования
    Abstract:
    The child’s psyche is a fundamental element of the child’s overall health, deter-mining the success of their adaptation to changing environmental conditions, cognitive activity, emotional regulation, and social interaction. However, its key features include increased vulnerability to external and internal stress factors, as well as a tendency to rapid exhaustion in the absence of timely prevention and support. In the context of the modern world, characterized by high information and academic loads, the widespread use of digital technologies, and a decline in the share of free, spontaneous activity, the issue of preserving children’s mental health is becoming particularly acute. In this regard, the search for accessible, economically unburdensome, and at the same time highly effective methods aimed at comprehensive work with the child becomes particularly relevant. The priority tasks are: a set of musical activities aimed at strengthening the adaptive mechanisms not only of the child’s physical but also of their mental well-being.
    Keywords:
    preschool education, psycho-emotional state, music therapy, emotional responsiveness, the impact of music, integrative methods (art therapy, fairy-tale thera-py, vocal therapy), music lessons in preschool education
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  • Использование игровых методов в учебном процессе начальной школы

    Conference Paper
    Education, innovation, research as a resource for community development
    Author:
    Klavdiia V. Kudriashova
    Work direction:
    Образовательный процесс в организациях общего и дополнительного образования
    Abstract:
    V stat'ye rassmatrivayutsya teoreticheskiye i prakticheskiye aspekty primeneniya igrovykh metodov v uchebnom protsesse nachal'noy shkoly, raskryvayutsya ikh funktsii, formy i usloviya effektivnogo ispol'zovaniya na urokakh. Osoboye vnimaniye udelyayetsya vliyaniyu igry na motivatsiyu, poznavatel'nuyu aktivnost' i kommunikativnoye razvitiye mladshikh shkol'nikov.
    Keywords:
    educational process, primary school, game, game‑based methods
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  • COGNITIVE INDEPENDENCE AS A KEY FACTOR IN THE INDEPENDENT WORK OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

    Conference Paper
    Education, innovation, research as a resource for community development
    Authors:
    Anna S. Shashkova, Igor V. Golovachev
    Work direction:
    Образовательный процесс в высшей профессиональной школе
    Abstract:
    The article examines the independent work of law students in modern conditions. The authors point out that students often lack the necessary skills for organizing independent learning activities and sufficient motivation to engage in them. At the same time, they note the widespread use of artificial intelligence technologies in the educational process by students to carry out various types of independent work, which leads to its transformation and the loss of its key feature — independence. Based on the study, the authors conclude that the most important factor in increasing the effectiveness of independent work in modern conditions is the development of students’ cognitive independence.
    Keywords:
    artificial intelligence, independent work, clip thinking, higher legal education, cognitive independence, professional legal competence, legal thinking
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  • Moral dilemmas in Russian literature: how discussing conflicts in class motivates social engagement.

    Conference Paper
    Education, innovation, research as a resource for community development
    Authors:
    Anastasiia R. Burdyko, Irina V. Zenzeria
    Work direction:
    Филология в системе образования
    Abstract:
    The article examines the methodology for discussing moral dilemmas in literature lessons in the 9th grade, using the material from A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit.” The developed model links the analysis of a classical text with the formation of a pro‑social orientation in the teenager’s personality and their readiness for social participation. A system of lesson‑by‑lesson work is proposed.
    Keywords:
    Moral dilemma, social engagement, prosocial behavior, the comedy “Woe from Wit, ” 9th grade, Federal working program, literary education, moral reflection, problem‑based learning
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  • AI Chatbots as a Non-Standard Method of Learning English

    Conference Paper
    Education, innovation, research as a resource for community development
    Authors:
    Dar'ia I. Riadnova, Mariia L. Korepanova, Olga V. Sharapova
    Work direction:
    Использование нестандартных решений для повышения качества, доступности и эффективности образования
    Abstract:
    The article examines the use of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots as an additional tool for learning English by students. The relevance of the topic is due to the spread of generative AI and the availability of dialogue systems. The purpose of the work is to determine the possibilities of using AI chatbots in independent language practice and to evaluate the advantages and limitations of this approach. The analysis and generalization of scientific literature, including systematic reviews, were used. It is shown that chatbots allow conducting a dialogue in English, receiving feedback, creating exercises adapted to the learner's level, and reduce anxiety when speaking. Risks are highlighted: inaccuracy of answers, lack of live communication, reliance on ready-made answers, and data protection. It is concluded that AI chatbots complement but do not replace the teacher.
    Keywords:
    artificial intelligence, digital education, personalized learning, ChatGPT, English language learning, chatbot, language practice
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  • FIGHTING A SHADOW AS THE HIGHEST FORM OF TRAINING: DEVELOPING TECHNIQUE AND IMAGINATION IN THE SYSTEM OF STUDENT BOXING IN THE 21ST CENTURY

    Conference Paper
    Education, innovation, research as a resource for community development
    Authors:
    Daniil S. Perezhogin, Artiom A. Zharkov, Aleksandr V. Nikishkin, Matvei A. Kvasov
    Work direction:
    Теория и методика физического воспитания, спортивной тренировки, оздоровительной и адаптивной физической культуры
    Abstract:
    The article presents a theoretical and methodological justification for shadow boxing as a comprehensive training tool in student boxing. The author’s position is to view this practice not only as an element of warm‑up, but also as an independent method that integrates the development of technical skills, biomechanical efficiency, and cognitive‑psychological qualities. Special emphasis is placed on the neurophysiological mechanisms of motor imagination and the role of mental simulation in the formation of tactical thinking and self‑regulation. The relevance of the study is due to the need to introduce resource‑efficient and scientifically grounded methods into the system of student sports, which is experiencing a shortage of material and technical support. The article proves the feasibility of using shadow boxing in a methodically structured way to promote the harmonious physical and personal development of students.
    Keywords:
    physical education, sports psychology, neurophysiology, biomechanics, technical training, student boxing, shadow boxing, motor imagery, training methodology
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  • Specifics of the Impact of Tablet Use in Turkmen Schools on Students' Attention Span

    Conference Paper
    Education, innovation, research as a resource for community development
    Authors:
    Shokhrat Dzhumakulyev, Aleksei K. Osin
    Work direction:
    Исследования в образовании и образовательные практики как инструмент принятия решений
    Abstract:
    This article presents an empirical study on the impact of using tablets as the primary learning tool on the attention span of primary and secondary school students in Turkmenistan. A direct correlation was established between the duration of continuous screen interaction and the frequency of distractions. Optimal time intervals for tablet use were identified to maintain high levels of student performance.
    Keywords:
    digitalization of education, e-education, electronic devices, tablet-based learning, attention concentration, sustained attention, cognitive load, schoolchildren in Turkmenistan
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  • ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN PREVENTING PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DIGITALIZATION OF EDUCATION

    Conference Paper
    Modern education: innovations, challenges and solutions
    Authors:
    Nikita A. Beliankin, Aleksei K. Osin
    Work direction:
    Применение инновационных цифровых методов и искусственного интеллекта в образовании
    Abstract:
    This article presents a comparative analysis of domestic and international approaches to preventing professional burnout among educators in the context of digitalization. It argues for the synthesis of models that combine Western standards of organizational hygiene with established Russian practices for fostering psychological resilience in teachers. The findings are applicable to the development of professional development programs and the training of future educators.
    Keywords:
    emotional intelligence, digital competence, comparative analysis, pedagogical activity, professional burnout, digitalization of education, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, EdTech, organizational psychology, digital burnout, UNESCO, stress prevention, educator’s public brand, OECD

  • null

    Conference Paper
    Modern education: innovations, challenges and solutions
    Authors:
    Когут Светлана Николаевна, Elena V. Schastlivtseva
    Work direction:
    Varia (принимаются материалы по другим направлениям, соответствующим теме конференции)
    Abstract:
    The article presents a pedagogical model for developing engineering literacy in the system of additional education through the integration of graphic training, robotics, and 3D modeling. Using the example of the experience of teacher E. V. Schastlivtseva (Kiselevsk), the article describes a continuous educational trajectory built taking into account the age‑related characteristics of students. It shows how the combination of “drawing — digital model — physical prototype” develops spatial thinking, skills in working with CAD systems, and engineering courage. The effectiveness of the approach is confirmed by the victories of students at Olympiads in engineering graphics and close networking with Kuzbass State Technical University and TGASU, which contributes to early career guidance and training of the personnel reserve to ensure Russia's technological sovereignty.
    Keywords:
    career guidance, additional education, technological sovereignty, robotics, 3D modeling, prototyping, engineering thinking, Engineering literacy, CAD systems, graphic training, ESKD (Unified System of Design Documentation), Kuzbass State Technical University, TGASU (Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building)

  • Developing students’ learning motivation in chemistry lessons within a digital educational environment

    Conference Paper
    Modern education: innovations, challenges and solutions
    Author:
    Ol'ga I. Priamilova
    Work direction:
    Varia (принимаются материалы по другим направлениям, соответствующим теме конференции)
    Abstract:
    The article is of a theoretical and analytical nature. The problem of maintaining students’ learning motivation in the study of chemistry in a digital educational environment is examined. Based on psychological and pedagogical approaches to learning motivation, the characteristics of chemistry as an academic subject and the possibilities offered by digital tools are analysed. Pedagogical techniques that can support students’ cognitive interest, independence, and engagement are identified: problem‑based questions, the connection between chemical knowledge and everyday life, virtual experiments as preparation for real ones, formative feedback, and the choice of difficulty level. Criteria for analysing the motivational potential of a lesson are proposed, and the limitations of using digital tools are outlined.
    Keywords:
    schoolchildren, teaching methods, cognitive interest, learning motivation, digital learning environment, chemistry education, virtual laboratory

  • Psychological safety of the educational environment in chemistry lessons under conditions of digitalization of education

    Conference Paper
    Psychologically Safe Educational Environment: Design Problems and Development Prospects
    Author:
    Ol'ga I. Priamilova
    Work direction:
    Проектирование психологически безопасной гетерогенной образовательной среды: технологии, модели, техники
    Abstract:
    The work is of a theoretical and analytical nature. It examines how digital tools used in the school chemistry curriculum (virtual laboratories, digital sensors, electronic assignment grading, online content about substances, generative artificial intelligence services) affect the indicators of psychological safety in the educational environment, as identified in I.A. Baeva’s concept. It is shown that the environmental, personal‑resource, risk‑based, and subject‑methodological approaches do not link specific digital tools used in the lesson to the safety, satisfaction, and referential significance of the environment. The author distinguishes between the physical and psychological safety of a virtual experiment. Criteria for evaluating a chemistry lesson are proposed, along with observable indicators and a method for recording them; the limitations of the approach are outlined.
    Keywords:
    digital educational environment, Psychological safety of the educational environment, chemistry education, virtual laboratory, chemical experiment

  • A psychologically safe educational environment as a condition for productive cooperation among teachers of specialized classes: theoretical aspects and design prospects.

    Conference Paper
    Psychologically Safe Educational Environment: Design Problems and Development Prospects
    Author:
    Natalia S. Gubatenko
    Work direction:
    Развитие профессиональной компетентности специалистов в области обеспечения безопасного детства в условиях новых вызовов и угроз
    Abstract:
    The article presents the theoretical and methodological foundations for creating a psychologically safe educational environment to ensure effective cooperation among teachers of specialized classes. The necessity of psychological safety is proven as a mechanism for transforming formal communication into real cooperation with its attributes: unity of goals, mutual dependence, and collective responsibility. The risks of formal interaction are identified: pressure and the “privatization” of experience. Based on the materials of current foreign and Russian theories, the formation of safety conditions is examined. The specific features of the psychological and pedagogical context are considered separately: the function of career guidance and identification through the interaction of teachers. The vectors for building a safe educational space are presented: the formation of a reflective culture, the deprivatization of activities, and differentiated leadership.
    Keywords:
    Psychological safety, professional identity, teacher collaboration, specialized education, deconstruction of practice, distributed leadership

  • A citizen’s educational pathway within the public employment service as a mechanism for preparing for self-employment

    Conference Paper
    Psychologically Safe Educational Environment: Design Problems and Development Prospects
    Authors:
    Iuliia V. Gordeeva, Svetlana N. Fyodorova
    Work direction:
    Varia (принимаются материалы по другим направлениям, соответствующим теме конференции)
    Abstract:
    The article examines the educational route of a citizen in the employment service system as a mechanism for preparation for self-employment. It is substantiated that consulting, diagnostic and educational activities become effective when integrated into a holistic trajectory built with regard to the citizen’s professional request, available resources and educational deficits. The main stages of the route are presented: identification of the request, assessment of readiness, determination of educational needs, acquisition of the necessary knowledge, practical testing of the idea, choice of the legal form of employment and further support. The conclusion is made about the importance of the educational route for the citizen’s transition to self-employment and for strengthening the role of the employment service as a navigator of professional development.
    Keywords:
    entrepreneurship, continuing education, self-employment, career self-determination, public employment service, educational pathway, self-employed work, educational support

  • The intersection, interaction and integration of spaces and environments as a mechanism for the formation of multifunctional results in a cross-multidimensional educational process

    Book Chapter
    Contemporary Educational Technologies: Psychology and Pedagogy
    Author:
    Kseniia A. Elistratova
    Work direction:
    Глава 1
    Abstract:
    The chapter examines the mechanism for generating multifunctional educational outcomes in the context of a cross‑multidimensional educational process. It is substantiated that the intersection, interaction, and integration of spaces and environments are not merely an organizational condition but a key mechanism ensuring the achievement of a set of educational outcomes that go beyond academic performance. The typology of interaction between spaces and environments is revealed: integration, intersection, autonomy, and conflict. Five mechanisms that ensure a synergistic effect are analysed: mutual penetration, change of dominant factors, information and social impact, hybridization, and design of multiple scenarios. The connection between these mechanisms and the development of cross‑cutting competencies and multifunctional outcomes is demonstrated. Examples from educational practice are provided. The materials are intended for researchers, heads of educational organizations, and teachers interested in designing a cross‑multidimensional educational environment.
    Keywords:
    integration, interaction, intersection, spaces and environments, cross‑multidimensional educational process, multifunctional outcomes, cross‑cutting competencies, multisensory lesson
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  • Lifelong education as a pedagogical recourse for professional development in the context of digitalization

    Book Chapter
    Contemporary Educational Technologies: Psychology and Pedagogy
    Authors:
    Maksim V. Somov, Svetlana G. Dunkevich
    Work direction:
    Глава 3
    Abstract:
    The chapter examines the phenomenon of continuing education as an integrative pedagogical resource for the professional development of the individual in the context of digitalization. The aim is to determine the potential of this phenomenon and to substantiate aspects of its practical application, which involves an analysis of institutional, personal, and competence-based approaches, needs diagnostics, goal-setting, the development of a behavioral model, the selection of digital resources, practical testing, and evaluation of results. It is noted that effectiveness in this process is ensured by conscious motivation, personalization of content, pedagogical support, practical orientation, and regular reflection. The promise of modular program design is substantiated, as it ensures flexibility of learning while preserving the overall goal and content sequence.
    Keywords:
    pedagogical support, digitalization of education, lifelong learning, individual learning pathway, independent learning
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