This article examines the pressing issue of ensuring personal data security online. It analyzes the main types of threats users face, including malicious activity, risks associated with company operations, and the human factor. Particular attention is paid to the legal aspects of information security in the Russian Federation and internationally. The paper proposes a set of practical measures and recommendations aimed at minimizing the risks of leakage and unauthorized use of personal information. The article emphasizes the importance of developing a conscious approach to digital hygiene as an...
This scientific article examines the economic history of Russia and foreign countries, focusing on the key stages of the development of economic systems, their interaction and impact on the social and cultural development of societies. The evolution of economic structures from feudalism to the modern market economy is analyzed, and the main economic models used in different countries are considered. The article discusses global economic trends such as colonialism, industrialization and globalization, and their impact on Russia's economic development, including in the light of historical crises...
The article presents an analysis of the use of pedagogical technologies in various educational systems. Traditional and modern approaches are studied, as well as their impact on the quality of education and student development. Particular attention is paid to the factors of successful integration of technologies, including cultural and social contexts. A comparative analysis of methods in different countries reveals trends that promote individualization of learning and active involvement of students.
The article is devoted to the methodology of historical research, covering such key aspects as the historical method, source studies, principles of objectivity and subjectivity, as well as the classification of methods. The problems and challenges faced by historians, such as difficulties in working with primary sources and the influence of modern ideologies on the interpretation of history, are considered. Examples of successful historical research illustrate the diversity of approaches and methods, and highlight the importance of digitalization and interdisciplinary research for the future o...
This article examines the methodology of historical research as a comprehensive approach to studying the past that includes a variety of methods and techniques. The focus is on the theoretical foundations of methodology, as well as the classification of methods used in historical science, such as archival research, analysis of primary and secondary sources, comparative analysis and the use of statistical data. The problems and challenges faced by historians are discussed, including the complexity of interpreting sources, the influence of researcher subjectivity and ethical aspects. The article...
Visual studies in historical science combines history, cultural studies, and visual anthropology to analyze visual materials such as photographs and maps. The work emphasizes the importance of visual sources for understanding historical processes and includes methodology for data collection, contextualization, and interpretation. The challenges faced by researchers and the future of visual research in the context of digitalization of archives are discussed. The importance of visual sources for shaping public opinion about history is emphasized.
This article examines the features of scientific, technical and post-industrial development in the modern world, focusing on the transformation of business models, the role of startups, the impact of digitalization and personnel training, in the context of global changes. Why traditional business approaches require adaptations and innovations. As well as the key trends shaping the modern economy. Recommendations are offered for successful business adaptation in new conditions.
The article examines the strategies and measures taken by Russia in response to Western sanctions. It analyzes the economic, political and social consequences of sanctions, as well as their impact on the country's domestic and foreign policies. Alternative approaches to development are discussed, including economic diversification, strengthening ties with non-Western countries and supporting domestic production. The article emphasizes the importance of adapting to new conditions and finding ways to minimize the negative consequences of sanctions pressure.
The article analyzes key moments in the history of technological progress in the Soviet Union, including significant achievements, as well as significant problems that the country faced in different historical periods. Emphasis is placed on the role of the state in supporting research and development, which contributed to significant progress in a number of regions. In the post-Soviet era, Russia faces problems of developing new technologies, the need to introduce innovations, as well as the challenges of globalization and competition in the international arena. The issue of the need for a rad...
This article analyzes YouTube's recommendation system and explores its architecture, which is based on a two-stage machine learning model, taking into account the implementation of self-learning methods, and its evolution in 2025. The article focuses on identifying and systematizing the risks associated with content personalization, such as the formation of "information bubbles," the impact on user behavior, and the promotion of radical content. Recommendations for mitigating the identified negative effects on users and developers are presented, based on current scientific publications and sta...
This article analyzes key aspects of patriotic education of youth in the current context. Various concepts of defining patriotic education and its influence on the formation of national self-identity are explored. Key aspects of the impact on young people's national identity are analyzed, and effective approaches and strategies for patriotic education are identified. The increased influence of potential dangers and distortions related to the transformation of true national ideals through the introduction of false patriotic concepts is noted.
This article examines the emergence of the Cossacks in Rus' as the result of a long socio-historical synthesis on the southern periphery of Russian lands in the 13th–16th centuries. An analysis of written sources, archaeological data, and historiography allows us to identify key factors in the genesis of the Cossacks: the depopulation of the southern "outskirts" after the Mongol invasion, the constant threat of nomadic raids, the migration of socially mobile groups, and the preservation of ancient Russian military traditions. Particular attention is given to an early 20th-century discussion be...
This article examines the cyclical nature of reforms and counterreforms in Russia as a factor determining the characteristics of its modernization. It analyzes the causes of resistance to change in various periods, from the reforms of Peter the Great to contemporary political processes. It identifies sociocultural and institutional patterns that hinder consistent modernization. It highlights the tension between technological development and the preservation of political institutions. This article is important in the context of contemporary challenges of global competition and technological ind...
This article examines the Baptism of Rus' in 988 as a complex process with multiple facets, transcending the boundaries of a simple religious act. The author explains how the adoption of Christianity from Byzantium became a means of centralizing political power, legitimizing the prince's rule, and creating a new ideological system. Cultural changes are analyzed: the emergence of writing, changes in architecture and art, and the emergence of an understanding of history through chronicles and religious texts. The article notes the long and inconsistent process of Christianization, manifested in...
This article examines the key factors in the formation of Russia's civilizational identity. It analyzes historical and geographical conditions, the role of the Orthodox tradition, the characteristics of collectivism and statehood, as well as Russia's multifaceted ethnic structure and civilizational mission. It emphasizes that identity is defined by a combination of a strong state, spiritual unity, and the ability to integrate ethnic diversity.
